China's agricultural genetically modified organisms safety certificate application: safety evaluation, management system, marking.

Safety certificates are a prerequisite for the industrialization of GM crops.
was the first GMO safety certificate born? How many procedures do I have to go through? Today, the host will lead the reader to listen to this issue of the Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural Genetically Modified Biological Safety Management Office Zhang Constitution to speak.
: Assessing the Safety of GMOs" The world's major economies have adopted a product-oriented management model and science-based approach to GMOs, as well as the EU's process-oriented management model and prevention-oriented approach.
" Zhang said, China's product and process assessment, the whole chain, integration, from a global perspective is the most stringent system.
China's agricultural gmnion safety evaluation follows four principles, namely, scientific principles, scientific attitude and methods, through scientific and technological means to research, test, analyze and evaluate the safety of genetically modified organisms; The analytical principles, according to different transfer genes, receptor organisms, operating methods, the evaluation of genetically modified organisms one by one, the phased principle, according to the five evaluation stages, based on the relevant data and scientific conclusions accumulated in the previous phase of the experiment, to determine whether to terminate the test or enter the next evaluation stage.
Constitution said that the safety of genetically modified organisms is essentially a scientific issue, scientific issues should be scientifically rigorously demonstrated by the scientific community, with detailed data to prove, so scientific principles are the primary principle.
for the phased principle, Zhang said the five stages are experimental research, intermediate testing, environmental release, productive testing and application for safety certificates.
if food or environmental safety is uncertain at some stage, it will be "killed" at this stage and no further research and development is needed.
products to be developed do not have market value, independent intellectual property rights or other development needs, nor can they move on to the next stage.
safety evaluation content is not only one of the directions of scientists' research on the safety of genetically modified organisms, but also the focus of public concern.
is the safety evaluation of edible or forage, environmental safety evaluation.
Food or feeding safety evaluation of major toxic rational evaluation, including acute toxicity tests, chronic toxicity tests, such as acute oral toxicity of newly expressed proteins, 90-day feeding tests in rats and reproductive development toxicity tests; Isotopic analysis of known allergenic amino acid sequences, in-body simulation of new expression proteins, gastrointestinal protein digestion stability test, nutritional evaluation, protein, carbohydrate, fat, cellulose, minerals, amino acids and other nutrients analysis, anti-nutritional molecular analysis.
Environmental safety assessment mainly has the ability to survive competitive evaluation, that is, in the natural environment, compared with non-GMO controlled organisms, to evaluate the survival suitability of GMOs and weeding risks, gene drift environmental impact assessment, that is, to evaluate the possibility of the transfer of genetically modified organisms' exogenous genes to other plants, animals and microorganisms and the possible Ecological consequences; biodiversity impact assessment, i.e. evaluation of the impact of GMOs on the structure and diversity of related plants, animals, microbiomes, and risk of the evolution of pest status such as pests and diseases in GM plant ecosystems;
Examples of the Constitution, whether genetically modified rice has the potential risk of genetic drift to wild rice, weed rice, cultivated rice, Chinese scientists through the establishment of gene drift risk assessment service platform for scientific assessment, which established pollen diffusion model, gene drift model, including meteorological database, biological database.
: To ensure the safe entry of genetically modified organisms into the market, China's agricultural genetically modified organisms safety management system includes laws and regulations system, administrative system, technical support system.
Regulations on the Safety management of agricultural genetically modified organisms are a special regulation, and they are also the mother law and the highest law for the safe management of genetically modified organisms in China.
," Zhang said.
include safety evaluation management measures, import safety management measures, marking management methods, processing approval methods, product inspection and quarantine management measures.
other relevant laws are seed law, agricultural product quality and safety law, food safety law and so on.
, China has issued 228 safety evaluation, testing and regulatory standards for agricultural genetically modified organisms.
adopt a sub-category and phased evaluation system.
sub-categories, i.e., according to the agricultural gmgenic biological use, are divided into two main categories of imported raw materials for processing and production applications for safety evaluation.
e.g. import safety management, whether a batch of genetically modified products can enter China, must have four pre-conditions: the exporting country or region has been allowed as the corresponding use and put on the market supporting documents, the exporting country or region after scientific testing to prove that the human, animal and plant, microorganisms and ecological environment harmless information, the Ministry of Agriculture commissioned technical testing institutions issued by the human, animal and plant, microbial and ecological environment safety testing report, foreign companies in the export process to China to take security precautions.
" passed the safety evaluation issued a safety certificate, can not pass can not be imported.
," Zhang said.
At present, China has approved the import of genetically modified agricultural products used as processing raw materials for soybeans (13 converter quantities), corn (16), cotton (9), rape (7), beet (1).
E.G., as in the case of production application safety management, in China, the crops approved by the GM Production Application Safety Certificate are insect-resistant cotton and anti-viral papayas, and in addition, the valid but not approved cultivation of insect-resistant rice and high phytase corn.
genetically modified insect-resistant rice has not been approved for cultivation, but its safety evaluation process is up to 11 years.
, the safety evaluation of consumption alone increased the three-generation breeding test of rats and the analysis of heavy metal content of rice, which was more stringent than the international index.
," mr. Zhang said, "The strict control is not excessive, it is to be strict, careful."
" administrative system, the joint inter-ministerial meeting of the State Council on the management of agricultural genetically modified organisms is responsible for coordinating major issues, a total of 12 departments, one department in charge, multi-sector coordination;
2016, regulatory authorities at all levels dispatched 71,486 law enforcement personnel to inspect 467 research and development pilot units, 2,349 major crop production bases, 4,054 seed processing enterprises and 3,868 imported processing enterprises.
the violation, according to different circumstances to take interviews, rectification, notification, exposure and other means to deal with.
Technical support system, the National Committee for agricultural genetically modified biological safety is responsible for the safety evaluation of genetically modified organisms and carry out genetically modified safety advisory work, currently on duty for the fifth session of the Safety Committee, a total of 74 members;
Link: Consumer concerns About labeling From the perspective of the world's major economies, GMOs are mainly managed by qualitative directory-by-catalog mandatory marking, quantitative comprehensive mandatory marking, quantitative partial mandatory marking and others.
China adopts qualitative per-catalog mandatory identification.
products listed in the catalogue must be identified as long as they contain genetically modified ingredients or are processed from genetically modified crops;
the EU to adopt quantitative and comprehensive mandatory marking.
must be identified for all products as long as the content of genetically modified ingredients exceeds the threshold, which is 0.9 per cent in the EU.
Japan and South Korea to adopt quantitative part of the mandatory identification.
must be identified for certain categories of products as long as their genetically modified ingredients exceed the threshold, which is 5% in Japan and 3% in South Korea.
the United States has been using a voluntary marking system.
2016 GM Disclosure Act, which requires the labeling of genetically modified ingredients, is currently under development.
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