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Chinese researchers reported Monday in the U.S. journal Molecular Plants that they deciphered the genome of tea tree, one of the world's three largest beverage plants, which could help explain why tea is the world's most widely consumed beverage and is expected to lead to new tea tree varieties.
the genomes of coffee and cocoa trees in the world's three largest beverage plants have been sequenced in Europe and the United States.
The research team led by Gao Lizhi of Kunming Plant Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Tea Tree Genome Project internationally for the first time in 2010, and in cooperation with South China Agricultural University, Yunnan Agricultural University and other institutions, it took 5 years to complete the sequencing, assembly, annotation and analysis of the "Cloud Resistance 10" genome of the tea tree, which obtained the world's first high-quality tea tree reference genome.
Gao Lizhi told Xinhua that after he returned from the United States at the end of 2006, the research found that China's tea industry one-sided pursuit of tea culture publicity to establish tea brand, tea tree biology, genetic basic research is weak, tea tree plant genetic resources inefficient use, tea tree new varieties of slow selection, which let him germinate the idea of carrying out tea tree genome research, explore the secrets of tea biology.
new research shows that the Cloud Resistance 10 genome is very large, with about 30. 200 million base pairs, genes nearly 3. 70,000, but the repetitive sequence content is extremely high, accounting for about 80. 9%。
tea tree has recently experienced a genome-wide repetition event, resulting in significant expansion of gene families associated with biosynthetics such as flavonoids and terpenes, which are closely related to the aroma, flavor and quality of tea.
Natural selection has contributed to the massive growth of the tea tree's genes against biological and non-biological adversity, explaining why tea trees can be widely grown in diverse habitats in different climatic conditions in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas and Oceania, making them world-wide beverage plants.
The tea tree is located in the genus of 119 species of mountain tea plants, a long-standing question is why only the leaves of tea group plants are suitable for making tea, and tea flowers, oil tea and golden flower tea and other non-tea group plant leaves are not suitable for tea.
analysis shows that high levels of tea polyphenols and caffeine determine the suitability of mountain tea plants for tea making.
gao Lizhi et al. have also found that caffeine biosynthetic pathways in tea trees and other mountain tea plants may have originated in cocoa, but have since undergone independent evolution. "The successful mapping of the tea tree's high-quality genome reveals the genetic basis for determining tea's suitability, flavor and quality, as well as the global ecological adaptability of tea trees, and will greatly accelerate the study of tea tree functional genomics and excellent new gene discovery, as well as accelerate the cultivation of new varieties of tea trees aimed at improving the quality and adaptability of tea trees,"
researchers said in a statement.
" Researchers point out that the wild close relative species of tea trees, because of the abundance of excellent new genes, is a huge treasure trove of future tea quality improvement, such as thick-axis tea contains very high tea polyphenols but very low caffeine, with great potential to cultivate new varieties of tea trees.
tea tree is believed to have originated in Yunnan, Sichuan and other places in China, and the earliest credible record of tea as a beverage can be pushed up to the 3rd century D.D. Shang Dynasty.
, there are currently 3 billion people drinking tea worldwide.
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