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Under the goal of "stable yield, high yield, and high quality", soybean breeding needs to rely on more excellent genetic resources to achieve breakthroughs, and the perennial wild soybean, which has many advantages such as genetic diversity, strong resistance, and drought and heat resistance, stands out
A few days ago, the research group of Professor Zhang Dajian of Shandong Agricultural University obtained the high-precision genome map of perennial wild soybean (ie Glycine subgenus) for the first time, and their research results were published online in the journal "Nature-Plant"
Improved breeding is imminent
Soybean is an important grain, oil, and feed crop, and has an important strategic position in the development of the national economy
Soybean belongs to the genus Soybean in the taxonomy, and the genus is divided into two subgeneras, Glycine and Soja
Up to now, several reference genomes of representative soybean germplasm resources in soybean Soja subgenus have been published in this research field, and a high-quality pan-genome map based on graph structure has been constructed, which provides extremely important information for the in-depth study of soybean functional genomics.
But with the rapid development of soybean breeding, soybean germplasm resources are relatively scarce
"Wild soybean is an important genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated soybean traits
"Its rich genetic variation provides valuable resources for the mining and breeding of important agronomic traits
Complementing the Soybean pan-genome map
Scientists did not know what exactly happened during the domestication process from wild soybeans to cultivated soybeans
Zhuang Yongbin introduced that the research team selected 5 representative diploid and 1 allotetraploid wild soybeans for whole genome sequencing
"Because scientists have completed the soybean pan-genome of the subgenus Soja before, and the soybean pan-genome of the subgenus Glycine we have completed this time, it can be said that the pan-genome map of the entire soybean genus has been completed
By establishing the collinearity of the genomes of the two subgeneras, that is, the conservation of genotypes and relative sequences at corresponding positions on chromosomes between the two subgeneras, they identified 109,827 non-redundant loci in perennial soybean, and found that among them About 70% of the sites were lost in Soja subgenus
The researchers further analyzed and found that the genes of annual wild soybeans belonging to the same subgenus Soja as cultivated soybeans are more conserved, while the genes of perennial wild soybeans of the subgenus Glycine are the most conserved
The team identified 183 large genomic structural variants that affect important phenotypic traits such as soybean flowering time, disease resistance, and stress resistance
In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that large-scale structural variation is widespread in crop genomes and affects many important agronomic traits
Soybean genetic improvement still on the way
"We screened two genes, PHP and D14, from a large number of gene loci, which may play an important role in regulating the annual or perennial habit of soybean
The researchers found that, in addition to large segments of structural variation, many domesticated genes in the soybean genome resulted from changes of one or two bases
.
Zhuang Yongbin believes that to change the phenotype of existing varieties, or to "restore" the excellent resistance of wild soybeans in cultivated soybeans, it may only be necessary to change these domesticated genes
.
However, the genetic resources of wild soybean are very rich, and it takes a lot of work to find suitable genes for the improvement and improvement of soybean quality
.
After years of scientific research, Zhang Dajian's team has carried out systematic research on the domestication genes and molecular mechanisms of important agronomic traits of soybean
.
Combining with the previous research content, the team has selected high-yield and high-oil soybean varieties suitable for planting in the Huang-Huai-Hai region by using molecular marker-assisted technology based on the important genes for quality and yield that have been discovered
.
At present, this variety has participated in the soybean regional test in Shandong Province and performed well
.
The reviewers consider the paper an important contribution to the genomics of available plants, providing more in-depth information on the different genetic mechanisms of perennial and annual plants
.
In this paper, the authors identify complex genomic variation and evolutionary signatures in perennial and annual soybeans, and use known genomic information in soybeans in combination with novel assembly methods to construct a super pan-genome for genetic improvement in soybean, the reviewers said.
and evolutionary studies provide more comprehensive genomic information
.
Not only that, the authors also proposed the mechanism of the transition from perennial to annual soybean and the bias of subgenome segregation in allopolyploid, and comprehensively analyzed the evolutionary history of soybean
.
(Editor Li Chuang)