Classic new solution: Why is blood glucose homeostasis the key to success in type 2 diabetes?

Glucose homeostasis: glucose flows in and out, always in homeostasis

Why can one go on without food for so long? Why do normal people get hungry if they don’t eat a meal, but they don’t suffer from hypoglycemic shock or death? This is because the internal environment of the human body is relatively stable, and the homeostasis of the internal environment is a prerequisite for maintaining normal life activities and health, including body temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and blood sugar

In a normal physiological state, glucose flows in and out, and the blood glucose level of the human body is always in a dynamic balance, stable at 3.

The maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis depends on the body's autoregulatory system, which involves the precise cooperation of multiple organs, tissues and hormones

First Messenger: Glucose - "I" regulate, "I" myself

Glucose is an "important signal" that regulates blood glucose homeostasis in the human body.

Three core organs: pancreas, liver, intestine

Cannon, a world-renowned physiologist, emphasized that homeostasis is not static ; on the contrary, it is a dynamic self-regulating system that involves the coordinated work of various systems and organs to maintain viability in the face of changing environmental demands

The maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis depends on the autoregulatory system of blood glucose homeostasis, including multiple organs and tissues involved in glucose regulation (including the brain, islets, liver, gut, muscle and fat, etc.

The first key enzyme: glucokinase (GK)

GK also exists in each of the core glucose-regulating target organs (liver, pancreas and intestine), and is the first key enzyme of glucose metabolism in the core organ of blood glucose regulation.

After glucose uptake, pancreatic β-cells sense that the blood glucose concentration is higher than 5 mmol·L-1, GK is activated, and insulin secretion is initiated.

Type 2 diabetes: from repairing GK to mastering the code to reshape blood glucose homeostasis

The latest data from the 2021 edition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Global Diabetes Map (10th Edition) shows that in the past 10 years (2011-2021), the number of diabetic patients in China has increased from 90 million to 140 million , an increase of 56%

New drugs are frequently introduced, and concepts have changed.

Returning to the basic principles of disease occurrence and development, can we find clues to solve the problem?

When disease occurs, homeostasis is disrupted, and the body is regulated through complex mechanisms to establish a new homeostasis in the disease state