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Observational studies have shown that vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) supplements are associated with a decrease in systemic inflammation.
, however, past test results have not been consistent.
this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled VITamin D and OmegA-3 trial (VITAL) tested vitamin D (2000 IU/day) and/or n-3 FA (1 g/day) supplements for a 2×2 factor design in women aged ≥55 and men aged ≥50×
participants who were randomly assessed for vitamin D-n-3 FA (392), vitamin D (392), n-3 FA (392) or placebo-only (385), leukocyte mesokine (IL)-6, tumor necrotogenic factor 2 (TNFR2) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations changed from baseline to 1 year.
the geometric averages and percentage changes, the baseline factors were corrected.
results show that the baseline features are very well matched.
, 25-OH vitamin D levels rose by 39%, n-3 FA levels increased by 55%, and the placebo group changed little.
neither supplement reduced biomarkers by one year.
vitamin D led to an 8.2% increase in IL-6 levels (95% CI, 1.5%-15.3%; after correction P-0.02), but TNFR2 and hsCRP did not.
among 784 patients receiving vitamin D, hsCRP levels increased by 35.7% (7.8%-70.9%), but baseline serum 25 (OH) vitamin D levels increased by 0.45% (-8.9% to 10.8%) ;P interactions of 0.02).
of the 777 random users of n-3 FA, the baseline of low-baseline (-lt;1.5 servings/week) hsCRP decreased by -10.5% (-20.4% to 0 .8 per cent), but people with higher fish intake did not decrease (6.4 per cent (95 per cent CI, -7.11 per cent to 21.8 per cent);P
, the results showed that vitamin D or n-3 FA supplementation in a large sample of population-based randomized controlled trials would not reduce these inflammatory biomarkers for one year.
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