Clin Microbiol Infect: The Effect of Vaccines on Heterogeneous Adaptive Immunity

Vaccines induce antigen-specific memory of adaptive immune cells, thus achieving long-term protection against the target pathogenIn addition, some vaccines have more beneficial effects than the protection of target pathogensThese nonspecific effects are thought to be the result of vaccine-induced immunomodulationIn the case of CAG, this involves inducing innate immune memory of mononucleic and natural killer cells, or 'training immunity'This paper discusses the evidence of immunomodulation of vaccine-induced adaptive immune cells and heterogenous adaptive immune response
Three vaccines related to changes in infant mortalityCaerphilia, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and measles-containing vaccines (MCV) change T-cell and B-cell immunityMost studies that investigate the nonspecific effects of these vaccines on the adaptive immune system have revealed changes in the number or proportion of adaptive immune cellsHowever, there is also evidence that these vaccines have an impact on adaptive immune cell function and response to heterogeneous stimuliThere is some evidence that, in addition to carcapa, DTP, and MCV, other vaccines (unrelated to changes in total mortality) may alter adaptive immune responses to unrelated stimuli
In short, the vaccine alters adaptive immune cell groups and heterogenous immune responsesThe nonspecific effects of various vaccines may also involve bystander activation, cross-reactions, and other undefined mechanisms, depending on the nonspecific effects of various vaccinesThis has a significant impact on future vaccine design and vaccination arrangements