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    Home > Food News > Food Articles > Clone-like: Chicken somatic cells can be restored to live poultry

    Clone-like: Chicken somatic cells can be restored to live poultry

    • Last Update: 2021-06-04
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Clone-like: Chicken somatic cells can be restored to live poultry
    Clone-like: Chicken somatic cells can be restored to live poultry clones: Chicken somatic cells can be restored to live poultry



    Recessive white feather Bailuoke chicken (surrogate chicken) and its "cloned" offspring of Langshan chicken somatic cells.


    Photo courtesy of Yangzhou University

     Recessive white feather Bailuoke chicken (surrogate chicken) and its "cloned" offspring of Langshan chicken somatic cells.
    Photo courtesy of Yangzhou University

    Individuals with similar plumage phenotype appeared in the offspring of Langshan chicken somatic cell "cloning".


    Individuals with similar plumage phenotype appeared in the offspring of Langshan chicken somatic cell "cloning".


    On May 20th, the journal Nature Communications published online the latest research article by the research team of Professor Li Bichun and Chen Guohong of the School of Animal Science and Technology of Yangzhou University.


    Solving the problem of somatic cell cloning in poultry

    Solving the problem of somatic cell cloning in poultry

    The article’s co-corresponding author Chen Guohong told the “Chinese Journal of Science” that the principle of mammalian somatic cell cloning technology is to transplant reprogrammed somatic cells into enucleated oocytes to form reconstructed embryos, which are then transplanted into surrogate mothers to continue their development.


    "But this technology cannot be implemented on poultry animals," said Li Bichun, the co-corresponding author of the article.


    Team member Zuo Qisheng introduced that in addition to oocytes (unfertilized eggs) or early embryos (fertilized eggs), poultry eggs also contain a large amount of nutrients (yolk) needed for embryonic development; in addition, the nucleus of avian oocytes It is large and only covered by a thin layer of cytoplasm, which makes the process of removing and transferring the nucleus difficult to implement.


    If the mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer method is used, implanting the reconstructed embryo into the egg is equivalent to removing the embryo that has been "implanted" in the uterus, and then replacing the reconstructed embryo to continue development.


    "This process is currently impossible to achieve in oviparous animals.


    At present, my country has very rich resources of livestock and poultry breeds.


    In mammals, both somatic cell cloning technology, or gamete and embryo cryopreservation technology can effectively protect the current breed resources.


    "Our research takes advantage of the characteristics of chicken primordial germ cells migrating with the blood.


    "The production of clonal chickens can not only provide a new method for the protection of poultry germplasm resources and the recovery of endangered poultry, but also provide a new way for future basic research work such as bioengineering breeding and character genetic mechanism analysis of poultry.


     

    Achieve efficient reversion of somatic cells into primordial germ cells

    Achieve efficient reversion of somatic cells into primordial germ cells

    In 2010, the team started the research on cloned chickens.


    Although an efficient method system for inducing primordial germ cells in vitro has been established in mammals, it has not been established in avian animals.


    Zuo Qisheng introduced that the team has established a model of primordial germ cell migration and homing and producing offspring chickens in the early stage, providing new ideas for the protection and restoration of chicken germplasm resources.


    However, due to the small number of primordial germ cells derived from the isolated chicken body and the sacrifice of early embryos, the team has been searching for a method and system that can obtain a large number of primordial germ cells.

    The team first established a system for inducing embryonic stem cells to differentiate into primordial germ cells in vitro, but embryonic stem cells are not easy to obtain.
    "Somatic cell reprogramming technology provides a good idea for our research.
    Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to form induced pluripotent stem cells with differentiation potential similar to embryonic stem cells, and somatic cell isolation and freezing technology are relatively It is easy, can be obtained in a large amount in a short time, and will not cause great harm to the individual.
    " Zuo Qisheng said.

    Therefore, they chose chicken fibroblasts, first reprogrammed them into induced pluripotent stem cells, and then further induced differentiation into primordial germ cells, which can greatly solve the problem that primordial germ cells cannot be obtained in large quantities and are difficult to isolate and culture.

    After more than 10 years of exploration and research, the team reversed the somatic cells of the Chinese black-feathered wolfshan chicken into primordial germ cells and transplanted them into the recessive white-feathered Bailuoke recipient chicken (surrogate chicken).
    The offspring of the feather wolf pheasant.

     

    The restoration of somatic cells to live birds becomes a reality

    The restoration of somatic cells to live birds becomes a reality

    "This technology is a brand-new method of restoring somatic cells to a living body.
    It is an innovation that changes the traditional rules of poultry bioengineering breeding and germplasm resource protection.
    It has important practical significance for the development of the poultry industry.
    " An article review expert Comments said.

    "This research can use chicken somatic cells to produce offspring.
    This technology has become a game changer in the production of cloned chickens and is very useful in the field of chicken research.
    " Another reviewer commented.

    After exploration, the research team of Li Bichun and Chen Guohong also systematically analyzed the regulatory mechanism of chicken somatic cell reprogramming and primordial germ cell generation, and established efficient somatic cell reprogramming, induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into primordial germ cells and primordial germ cells.
    The method system of allotransplantation.

    "The combined use of these three technologies successfully achieved the restoration of somatic cells into live poultry.
    This work broke through the bottleneck of the difficult operation of poultry genetic engineering, and provided theoretical basis and technology for the protection of poultry animals and the restoration of endangered species.
    Support.
    In the future, the combination of gene editing technology can effectively obtain genetically modified offspring and speed up the process of bioengineering breeding of poultry.
    " Li Bichun introduced.

    At present, the team has also established a rapid and effective technical system for cryopreservation of chicken skin tissue, and can obtain cells from the thawed and recovered skin tissue and induce them to become primordial germ cells, providing long-term preservation of poultry germplasm resources.
    Technical support.
    (Source: China Science News Li Chen Yulu)

    Related paper information: https://doi.
    org/10.
    1038/s41467-021-23242-5

    https://doi.
    org/10.
    1038/s41467-021-23242-5
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