Coal Chemical Industry: From "Traditional" to "Modern"

70 years, China's coal chemical industry from coke, synthetic ammonia, electric stone as the main products of the traditional coal chemical industry, across to the scale of production of the world's first, part of the level of technical equipment the world's leading modern coal chemical industry -China's coal chemical industry in the beginning, most of the technical equipment rely on importsIn the traditional coal chemical industry, in 1949, China's coke production of only 525,000 tons, the use of technology equipment all dependent on importsIt was not until 1958 that China built the first mechanized coke oven with independent intellectual property rights, the Beijing coking plant coking furnaceSubsequently, driven by the rapid development of the steel industry, China's coking industry into the fast lane of developmentthe start of China's synthetic ammonia industry is just as difficultAfter the founding of New China, in order to meet the urgent needs of agricultural development, China built four synthetic ammonia plants in the 1950s, after which the scientific and technical personnel creatively completed the 50,000 tons / year synthetic ammonia "three-catalyst" process of the general design, the construction of covering most counties of 0.5 million to 50,000 tons / year synthetic ammonia production of ammonium bicarbonate plantFrom the late 1970s to the early 1990s, more than a dozen sets of large-scale modern synthetic ammonia devices were introduced from abroad, ending the era of gasification technology by intermittent gasification in fixed beds in China's synthetic ammonia industryas a typical representative of traditional coal chemical industry, China's electric stone industry is also developed on the basis of the old open electric stone furnace provided by the former Soviet Union, high energy consumption, heavy pollution, exhaust gas difficult to recycle once became synonymous with the electric stone industryIn order to solve this problem, in the 1970s and 1980s, China has introduced 35,000 kVA, 255 kVA closed electric stone furnace and large-scale ferroalloy electric furnace technology, and finally independently developed large-scale electric stone furnace manufacturing technology, for the electric stone industry clean production provides a strong technical supportexperienced the introduction-digestion-absorption-improvement-innovation, the level of traditional coal chemical technology and equipment in China has improved significantlyDriven by strong growth in domestic demand, traditional coal chemical industry has entered the fast lane of sustained growth, and the scale of coke, synthetic ammonia and electric stone production is ranked first in the worldin the rapid development of traditional coal chemical industry at the same time, with the rapid development of petrochemical industry, the global shortage of petroleum, and coal as China's dominant energy has been given a new mission, that is, with its raw material shelping advanced technology to produce olefins, aromatics, ethylene glycol and other chemical products, as well as oil, natural gas and other energy products, modern coal chemical industry thus entered the public's visionin the mid-1990s, China proposed to vigorously develop clean coal technology, and identified four areas of ten key directions, opened up a new era of China's modern coal chemical industry leapfrog developmentSince then, China's modern coal chemical industry on a sustained and rapid development of the trackafter many years of scientific and technological research and technological accumulation, especially through the "11th Five-Year Plan" since the project demonstration and promotion, China's modern coal chemical industry in the key technology, major equipment independent research and development, or product variety development and production scale expansion, etc, have made breakthrough progress, has won wide attention and high evaluation at home and abroad advanced coal gasification technology in full bloom In recent years, China has developed a number of advanced gasification technologies such as multi-nozzle gasification of water-coal slurry, pressurized gasification of space powder coal, gasification of water-based coal-gasification in Tsinghua water cold wall, sE powder gasification, two-stage dry coal powder pressurized gasification, etc At present, there are some new coal gasification technology is under development, such as the extension of the oil group's large-scale transport bed gasification technology, the new Olympic Group's catalytic gasification, hydrogenation, underground gasification and other directional gasification technology major breakthroughs in key technologies The core technology such as coal direct liquefaction process and catalyst developed by Shenhua Group has been successfully applied to the demonstration project of coal-making project of millions of tons, and the new generation of high-temperature slurry bed Fetto synthetic coal indirect liquefaction process and catalyst technology developed by Shanxi Coal Chemistry Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and successfully applied to the demonstration project of coal indirect oil production projects such as Itai, Yan'an and Shenhua Using its own low-temperature Fetto synthetic oil technology, Minmetals Group has built a demonstration project of indirect oil production of million tons of coal in Yulin, and recently passed the identification of high temperature Fetto synthesis technology with the international leading level, and methanol-based low-carbon olefin (DMTO) process technology developed by Dalian Chemical Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been completed and put into operation with multiple sets of industrialization devices the demonstration project achieved significant results Demonstration devices such as Shenhua Baotou coal olefin project and Itai 160,000 tons/year coal indirect liquefaction project have been running steadily for many years, and have also achieved better economic benefits For example, the coal-based olefin project in June 2014 put into trial operation, that year to achieve sales revenue of 1.49 billion yuan, trial revenue of 400 million yuan significant progress in the construction of the park Domestic modern coal chemical projects are mainly concentrated in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shanxi, Xinjiang and other places, industrial development of the park, base pattern initially formed At present, the coal chemical base has a scale mainly in Inner Mongolia Ordos coal chemical base, Ningxia Ningdong energy and chemical base, Shaanxi Yanheng coal chemical base, as well as Xinjiang's quasi-East, Yili, Tuha, and Feng and other coal chemical base Most of the modern coal chemical base includes coal mining, modern coal chemical and other upstream and downstream related industries, some with petrochemical, electricity and other industries to achieve multi-joint production today, we can proudly say that, in addition to coal-based natural gas, China's coal-based olefins, coal-based oil, coal-based aromatics, coal-based ethylene glycol technology and industrialization level have all led the world, China in the field of modern coal chemical industry has climbed to the highest point in the world