Coffee, drink or not.

Original title: Coffee, drink or not
Experts interviewed
: Chang Cuiqing, Director of the Sports Nutrition Research Office of Peking University Third Hospital

The rising enthusiasm for coffee in China has increased the debate about whether coffee is good or bad.
coffee consumption is growing rapidly
as one of the world's three largest non-alcoholic beverages, coffee has been prevalent in Europe and the United States for at least 500 years. The drink, which originated in Africa, was introduced to Europe in the 17th century. It is said that some Catholics at the time saw it as a "devil's drink" and wanted the pope banned it, but Pope Clemen VIII approved it after tasting it. Coffee quickly becoming popular in Europe and continues to this day. The U.S. is now the largest market for coffee consumption, with 2015 figures showing that consumption was as high as Rmb3, 000bn that year.
coffee entered China at the beginning of the 20th century. Prior to this, "ruling" China's beverage industry is with coffee side by side with one of the world's three major drinks tea. With the infiltration of Western culture and way of life, in recent years, the younger generation has become more and more interested in coffee as an imported product. There is even a "coffee culture" in big cities, where elegant cafes are one of the best choices, whether it's business meetings, small gatherings of friends, or just passing the time. A survey conducted by the media showed that "meeting friends" came first with an absolute advantage of more than 65%, followed by job and business negotiations. It can be said that coffee is changing the way the younger generation lives and works.
growing enthusiasm for coffee, as can be seen only by the increase in the number of coffee shops. Starbucks, for example, increased its number of stores in China by about 2.65 between 2011 and 2015;
the 26th World Coffee Science Congress, Xiong Xiang, president of yunnan Coffee Association, spoke about the reasons for the change. In addition to the influence of Western culture, he argues, China's huge population and growing economy are bound to push up the coffee consumption market.
Reiner, director of COFCO's international coffee division, who has carefully analysed the growth of coffee demand in China and Japan, found that Japan's growth curve from 1963 to 1973 was similar to that of China from 2003 to 2013. Although China's coffee consumption market is now only about 70 billion yuan, the U.S. "zero", less than half of Japan's, but the growth potential can not be underestimated. "I can say that within 10 years, China will become the world's third-largest coffee consumer after the US and Brazil." Xiong said.
the pros and cons of food
never stopped
for any kind of food, people like to talk about its health benefits, coffee is no exception. As early as the 19th century, a doctor friend of the French great Wenhao Balzac said that Balzac's death had to do with his habit of drinking plenty of espresso every day. He believes it was the coffee that destroyed Balzac's healthy heart. But since modern times, more studies have shown that drinking coffee in moderation not only does not harm the heart, but also has a protective effect on cardiovascular disease.
fact, there's more to coffee health than that, with tumors, diabetes, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and so on.
protect blood vessels or hurt the heart? Chang Cuiqing, director of the Sports Nutrition Research Office at Peking University's Third Hospital, told the Life Times that from many studies at home and abroad, drinking coffee in moderation can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, a result that applies to people in Europe, the United States and Asia. But at the same time, studies have found that people with high blood pressure can lead to acute elevated blood pressure after eating coffee. This difference may be related to caffeine intake and personal underlying diseases.
have any effect on reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes? A 12-year study by the Harvard School of Public Health and Bregan Women's Hospital found that long-term coffee consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes. Men who drank more than six cups of coffee a day had a halved risk of type 2 diabetes, while women had a 30 percent reduction. At the same time, caffeine can prevent memory loss and cognitive decline caused by diabetes. But a Harvard university study found that drinking coffee in large quantities for a short period of time may reduce insulin sensitivity and lead to elevated blood sugar. Chang said the current study evidence is that regular daily consumption of the right amount of coffee (2 to 3 cups) is beneficial to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
can the disease prevent some cancers? There is limited research evidence on the effects of coffee on tumors. Accurate studies confirm that people who drink coffee in moderation every day may have a reduced risk of prostate, endometrial, colon, esophageal and liver cancers, but the effects of coffee on breast, rectal, and bladder cancers do not show a clear correlation.
this cause osteoporosis? The relationship between coffee and osteoporosis is more reflected in intake, and there are gender differences, Chang said. Women do have an increased risk of fractures if they drink more than 3 to 5 cups of coffee a day, but for men, moderate coffee consumption may reduce the risk of fractures. However, there have been different international explanations for the reasons for increasing the risk of fractures. In 1994, a british study showed that caffeine causes calcium loss on the premise that calcium intake is lower than normal and indirectly leads to bone loss.
, Ph.D. in Food Engineering, Department of Agriculture and Biology, Purdy University in the United States, uses the word "may be effective" to evaluate the health effects that coffee may play. Because coffee is a natural extract with complex ingredients, it is not surprising that different ingredients have different effects and different trials get different results. Coffee, for example, contains both antioxidants that contribute to cardiovascular health and bisterone compounds that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the role of coffee should be evaluated comprehensively according to individual circumstances, but the general principle is not to overdose.
How to drink is about health
Yun said, the current widely accepted recommendation for coffee consumption is that healthy adults drink two or three glasses a day, the benefits outweigh the risks;
: Caffeine intake is less than 2.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day. Recently, South Korea's Food and Drug Safety Agency proposed changes to the bill to the National Assembly to introduce legislation next year to ban the sale of caffeined drinks in primary and secondary schools. They believe that excessive caffeine intake can lead to dizziness, sleep disorders, neurone allergies and other side effects, adolescent children need to strictly control the amount of drinking.
people with heart disease: five cups a day is the upper limit. Yun said that everyone's sensitivity to coffee is different, generally drinking more than 6 cups of coffee a day, may lead to addiction, and may appear insomnia, tension, stomach discomfort, heart rate and breathing speed and other symptoms, very disadvantageous to heart patients.
people with osteoporosis: preferably no more than 2 to 3 cups. If you already have osteoporosis symptoms, it is wise to control your daily coffee consumption. It is generally believed that the daily caffeine intake should not exceed 300 mg, about 2 to 3 cups.
who is taking the medicine: it's best not to drink it. The interaction between caffeine and drugs may reflect two opposite directions. For example, ephedrine, which stimulates nerve excitement, such as coffee, will greatly enhance the effect of "overdose" symptoms. Some drugs may react with caffeine to reduce their ller. Yun said that there are many drugs that can interact with caffeine, if you are not sure whether the impact, you may want to take the simplest approach, do not drink coffee during the drug.
, the researchers discussed the interaction between coffee and health, referring to the coffee itself, rather than a blend of milk, sugar or coffee companions. Later added milk, sugar, etc. , will weaken the health value of coffee, especially the market for sale of "two-in-one" "three-in-one" instant coffee, due to the addition of a large number of fat and sugar, has been classified as "unhealthy drinks." In addition, whether or not the use of filter paper filtering, will also affect the content of the harmful substances biterpenene compounds, it is recommended to drink filter paper filtered coffee, reduce health risks. Unfiltered coffee may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. (Zhang Fang)