Cold Chain Standard How should the food cold chain logistics traceability system be established?

The traceability system is an effective measure

Traceability is divided into traceability links and in-link traceability, traceability links refer to the traceability

 

How to effectively build a food cold chain logistics traceability system requires the comprehensive support

Full text points and analysis

1.

Key points: Enterprises engaged in food cold chain logistics should be equipped with professional and technical personnel

Analysis: Now engaged in cold chain logistics enterprises, logistics professionals are sufficient, but most of the enterprises lack food professionals

2.

Analysis: In the whole logistics operation process, the driver is particularly important for food safety, and the health examination of the driver should be strengthened

3.

Analysis: The status of the logistics department in the enterprise has been significantly improved, and talent has also become the focus of

1) In addition to strengthening the training of internal employees, external vehicles (personnel) should be trained regularly, and effective assessment

2) The company's annual training plan and retrospective training are lacking, and the assessment record is not perfect

2.

Key points: Establish an information management system, formulate the retention period, fill in specifications, and archive management of various records such as paper records and electronic records, and retain information records for at least 2 years

Analysis: Some enterprises only retain temperature data for half a year to one year, information storage should meet the standard requirements, and records should be kept for at least 2 years

5.

Analysis: In the traceability system, information transmission is particularly important, and the following three aspects are the conditions
that cause traceability to break the chain.

1) The connection between the information systems of most enterprises is not complete,

2) The information port between the two partners is not open

3) The automation function is lagging behind, and there are more manual operations

4) The paper version of the document records are not perfect

Third, traceability system management

6.
Traceability information

Key points: customer information, receipt and shipment information, temperature information, handover information, supplementary information

Analysis: The requirements of each enterprise for the above customer information, receipt and shipment information, temperature information, handover information, and supplementary information are not standardized, and all kinds of documents need to be optimized
.

7.
Retrospective management documents

Key points: Formulate a documented food cold chain traceability management system, including the implementation and management of traceability within and between links

Analysis: The food cold chain traceability management system system is not perfect, and some enterprises have a sound system but the implementation is not in place
.

8.
Temperature monitoring system

Key points: Establish a temperature monitoring and management system in the process of food cold chain traceability, including ambient temperature, product temperature (time and temperature), vehicle temperature and recording

Analysis: The product selects an accurate temperature measurement point and records the temperature, which is the greatest guarantee for the rights and interests of both parties
.

1) The temperature is mainly the ambient temperature, the product surface temperature, the product center temperature, in the acceptance of the product temperature, most enterprises to the product surface temperature prevails, and the measured temperature is not recorded
.

2) Once the product quality problem occurs, most enterprises will protect the legitimate rights and interests of the enterprise based on the ambient temperature of the
carrier, which is incorrect.

9.
Cold chain logistics operation process system

Key points: Establish a detailed food cold chain logistics operation process

Analysis: Some enterprises' cold chain logistics operation processes are mostly frameworks and do not have operability
.
The preparation of cold chain logistics operation instructions should be strengthened, and training
should be carried out at the same time.
Especially for new employees, after the training, they can systematically study according to the work instructions, and have more guidance for on-site operations
.

 

10.
Retrospective drill

Key points: Annual traceability drills are conducted to verify the feasibility of the traceability system

Analysis: The traceability drill can better prove the operability of the enterprise traceability system, which is the most important, but in the enterprise, it is also the
most lacking.

4.
Facilities and equipment

11.
Equipment management

Key points: list of temperature monitoring equipment, list of refrigerated vehicles, temperature control of cold storage refrigeration system

Analysis: Facilities and equipment are heavy assets of enterprises, in addition to these assets, they should strengthen management and regular verification, so as to save the cost of enterprise facilities and equipment and improve the operational efficiency
of enterprises.

1) The performance of refrigerated trucks should be tested regularly, and now the Shanghai Municipal Government has mandatorily verified the performance of all refrigerated trucks on a regular basis, and some places have also begun to conduct spot checks
.

2) The temperature recorder should go to the local metrology institute /metrology institute every year for verification, correct the temperature, and avoid food waste and food safety incidents
caused by temperature deviation.

Fifth, traceability link control

12.
Warehousing link

Key points: quality inspection records, including the basic information of customers and products, customer name, quantity, production date, batch, traceability identification, etc
.

Analysis: In order to define food quality problems, before transportation or storage, customers should provide quality inspection records or sample tests
on product quality.

13.
Treatment of non-conforming products

Key points: Before warehousing, the processing record of the temperature received by the product exceeds the reasonable range, including the real temperature of the product beyond the reasonable range, the treatment measures and time, and the storage temperature after the treatment

Analysis: The treatment of unqualified products needs to be strengthened and clarified, and the unqualified product storage area and related systems of enterprises are lacking and need to be improved
.

1) The treatment of non-conforming products

2), the product temperature is not qualified;

3), the sorting process damaged unqualified products;

4), the acceptance standard is low, such as frozen products, the minimum receipt standard should not be lower than -12 °
.

5), the acceptance is not clear, can be received or can not be received, how to deal with
this product.

14.
Warehousing (receiving)

Key points: Handover record before storage, continuous ambient temperature record

Parse:

1) The temperature in transit fluctuates greatly
.
For example, the standard requires the temperature fluctuation to be ±2°, but some enterprises set the value is high, which directly affects the quality
of the product.

2) The improvement of the warehousing documents, mainly for the temperature record
before the warehousing.

15.
Warehousing link (in the warehouse)

Key points: cold storage safety, cold storage energy consumption, cold storage ambient temperature display and recording, cold storage temperature probe settings, product temperature difference
.

Analysis: Most cold storage enterprises are not the same group of people when planning and operating cold storage, which will cause various problems
in the operation process.

1) The functional division of most cold storage areas is blurred

2) Most cold storage insect pest facilities are weak

3), the safety management of the reservoir area is weak: for example, the operators in the library do not wear reflective clothing
.

4), some enterprise cold storage ambient temperature display position is not easy to observe

5), most of the cold storage temperature probe settings are not reasonable

6), some enterprise cold storage temperature recorder can only view the temperature, can not export daily temperature data

7), the temperature fluctuation in the library is large
.
For example, the standard requires the temperature fluctuation to be ±2°, but some enterprises set the value is high, which directly affects the quality
of the product.
Including the timely opening and closing of the door in the library
.

8) Strengthen the setting of Kanban

16.
Traceability control

Key Points: Loading and Unloading Pre-cooling and Cleaning of vehicles before loading

Parse:

1) Vehicle cleaning to prevent cross-contamination
of food.
At the end of the daily transportation, the vehicle should be cleaned and disinfected, and the archives should be formed and recorded
in a timely and effective manner.

2) Carriage pre-cooling is an important means
to ensure transportation.
The pre-cooling temperature of refrigerated food for the carriage is 7 °C, and the pre-cooling temperature of the frozen food for the carriage is the minimum 0 °C
.
When the precooling temperature of the carriage reaches the set temperature, the cooler should be turned off and then loaded
.

17.
Transportation link (outbound)

Key points: The handover record before leaving the warehouse, the handover record in the link when the transport vehicle contains the transfer, and the transportation record interval is not more than half an hour
.

Analysis: The document is not perfect:

1), most of the company's document information for the product related information, and did not record the product temperature in the document, if there is an abnormality, you need to export the carrier temperature record information
.
Carrier temperature ≠ product temperature;

2) The tripartite signatures of the documents or the signatures of the two parties are incomplete;

18.
Transportation link

Key points: temperature monitoring during vehicle transportation, temperature display on the carrier of transportation equipment, vehicle positioning

Analysis: GPS system optimization

1) Vehicle trajectory

2) Alarm function, such as temperature alarm, violation alarm, etc.
, as well as optimization
of alarm level.

3) The difference between refrigerated trucks and normal temperature vehicles

4) The distinction between refrigerated food and frozen products and room temperature products

19.
Distribution link

Key points: The handover record before delivery, the delivery vehicle contains the handover record at the time of the transfer, and the delivery record interval does not exceed half an hour, check whether there is a temperature display device
installed in the delivery vehicle.

Analysis: Distribution is the last link of the whole operation, because it involves a series of problems such as unmanned handover \ distribution site, there is a broken chain phenomenon
.

1) Optimization of distribution routes

2) The improvement of the documents: temperature records, refrigerated truck arrival time, departure time, loading and unloading time requirements need to be clear, etc
.

The Cold Chain Committee and the Cold Standard Committee of the China Federation of Things have carried out 2 batches of pilot and demonstration selection work for the "Food Cold Chain Logistics Traceability Management Requirements" GB28843-2012, and we hope that through the form of standard application, the final food cold chain can take the responsible subject and flow management as the core, take the information system and the traceability code as the carrier, promote the connection between traceability management and market access, and realize the management
of the whole process of food cold chain logistics traceability system from farmland to table.