Create a new yeast strain with only one or two chromosomes.

Two genetic ally studies published online on the 1st by the British journal Nature: Chinese and American scientists have created a new yeast strain with only one or two chromosomes that are not traditional to 16 chromosomes, and the fusion of all chromosomes of yeast does not significantly impair cell adaptability.
emanal genomes are scattered across multiple chromosomes, the number of chromosomes varies from species to species.
, for example, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, but our ape cousins have 24 pairs, while the male Jack jumpant has only one chromosome.
these differences may stem from accidental fusion or genome doubling events, it is not clear to the scientific community what advantages multiple chromosomes have and, more importantly, how "patient" species are to changes in the total number of chromosomes.
In the two new studies, Chinese and American scientists used CRISPR-Cas9 technology to edit the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to create a series of chromosome-reducing yeast strains.
, Yu Junofa of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and others created yeast strains that fuse all genetic information into a single chromosome, while Jeff Burke, an expert in synthetic biology at NYU Langone Medical Center, created a strain containing two chromosomes.
Although fusion significantly alters the structure of the three-dimensional chromosome, the new strain contains the same genetic material as normal brewer yeast, except for the removal of a few non-essential genes.
has been shown to be surprisingly robust in the artificially modified yeast cells, with no significant growth defects under different culture conditions.
However, fusion chromosome strains do exhibit small adaptive limitations and sexual reproductive defects, so they may be quickly phased out by natural strains.
these new findings will also help explain the advantages of having more chromosomes.
2012, China and the United States jointly promoted the Sc2.0 (Eyrenuclearinucleochemical Yeast Artificial Genome Synthesis) International Cooperation Program, and by Chinese scientists synthesized 4 of the 16 winey yeast chromosomes, accounting for 66.7% of the internationally completed number.
this series of studies will further strengthen our ability to regulate and control life processes.
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