Cyanobacteria outbreak mechanism: The progress of research on the hemic method based on big data.

In Taihu, July, August and September of each year are the months when cyanobacteria bloom.
take a bottle of Lake Taihu lake with an empty bottle of mineral water, put it on the table, and a moment later, the water above the bottle floated with many different sizes of green particles, this is the cyanobacteria aggregate.
aggregates are between 1 mm and 5 mm in diameter, while a cyanobacteria cell is about 1 micron in diameter and 1 mm is 1000 microns in diameter.
that is, a agglomeration contains thousands of cyanobacteria cells.
cyanobacteria cells are photosynthesis during the day, releasing oxygen and organic matter.
and oxygen and organic matter are just the necessary conditions for bacteria to multiply.
is like, a bread with water, in the summer easy to breed bacteria.
in this small agglomeration, with complex algal bacterial relationships (Figure 1), the number and population of bacteria is much larger than those in the aggregate. The algal-algae relationship in
aggregates may be the key to explaining the mechanism of cyanobacteria outbreaks.
but unfortunately, scientists at home and abroad have rarely done a detailed study of this important scientific phenomenon.
, Dr. Cai Haiyuan of the Nanjing Institute of Geography and Lakes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has systematically studied this scientific phenomenon over the years using traditional microbiology methods and newly developed big data-based histology methods. Some progress has been made in the
.
first, many new species were found in the aggregate.
researchers have been systematically analyzing the physiological and biochemical effects of these new species.
these species include: Aquidulcibacter paucihalophilus, Flavoum aurantiibacter, Flavoum cyanodorum, Elstera cyanotrud, Nivepirisillillum, Sandarakinorinhabdus cyanoorum, nispirille
Physiologically, the common feature of these isolated bacteria in the body is the efficient and rapid use of a variety of organic matter (elstera cyanoturum, for example, table 1).
interesting, the photosynthesis of class 2 bacteria, both aerobic non-oxygen photosynthesis and visual resin photosynthesis, are found in these bacteria.
oxygen-free oxygen-non-oxyphotosynthesis bacteria include Aquidulcibacter paucihalophilus, Niveispirillum lacus, Sandarakinorabdus cyanostud, Niveispirillil cynonoorum.
and the bacteria that are seen as auvaurlum aurantiibacter.
bacteria with these two characteristics (photosynthesis and efficient use of organic matter), it is not difficult to imagine, with large cell size, fast growth rate, cell containing organic particles (Figure 2), called "big abdominal" bacteria.
, people accumulate fat in their abdomens when they are rich in food, and become the same.
, the researchers also found evidence from the genome that they found in physiology.
"big abdominal" bacteria have a large number of organic matter transporter, its function is to transport the various organic matter released by cyanobacteria to the bacterial cells.
then has a rich methylation protein, its function is to let the "big abdominal" bacteria feel the change strain of extracellular organic matter concentration, so that the bacteria quickly swim to the organic-rich environment.
has a wealth of organic degradation and utilization genes in the final genome.
such as Aquidulcibacter paucihalophilus's genome encodes 47 glycoside hydrolysis (GHs), 37 glycoside transferases (GTs), 38 sterases (CEs), 9 auxiliary molds (AAs), 7 carbohydrate binding molds (CBMs), 3 glycolyses (PLs) (Table 2).
again, where does the photosynthesis gene come from? The researchers found evidence from the genome that these photosynthesis genes may have been transmitted through the virus.
because researchers have found a complete viral genome on the "big-heart" bacterial genome (Figure 3).
finally, the researchers compared the microbial population structure of different aggregation sized bodies, combined with the physiological and biochemical characteristics of such bacteria, and put forward their ecological functional model (Figure 4): gradually degrade the organic matter released by cyanobacteria, thus releasing the inorganic nutrient salsnecessary for cyanobacteria, and maintaining the development of cyanobacteria bloom.
the paper information: 1. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Niveispirillum lacus sp.nov, aced bycy cyanoblenaggregates in a eutrophic lake. International Journal of The SIAr and Microbiology 2018.68:507-512.2. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Flavodum cyanoorum sp.nov.cob, aced bycy cyanos yn aeu aggregatetrophic lake. International Journal of The SIAr and Microbiology 2018.68:1279-1284.3. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Flavodum aurantiibacter sp.nov.an orange-pigmented cyanobs aggregates in aeutrophic lake. International Journal of The SIAr and Microbiology 2018.68:1839-1844.4. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Sandarakinorhabdus cyanoshorum sp.nov.a cynosyllaumeu sgheuns sydd yn eutrophic lake. International Journal of The SIAr and Microbiology 2018.68:730-735.5. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Elstera cyanoorum sp.nov,a novelum isolated bycy cyanoblyn aggregates in a eutrophic lake. International Journal of The SIE and Microbiology.2017.67:4272-4275.6. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Aquidulcibacter paucihalophilus gen.nov., sp.nov., a novel member of the family Cauloactraceae isolated cynonos yn a eublenchic lake. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.2017.110:1169-1177.7. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Niveispirillum cyanocurorum sp.nov., anitrogen-curgyum fromcyscyceann cyanoblens in a eutrophic lake, international of the SIAr and Journal. 2015.65:2537-2541.8. Draft case sequence of Elstera cyanodord, a novel sy'n cynoda cynosyllis yn eutrophic lake. Gene Reports.2017.9:136-138.9. Cai Haiyuan, et al. High-quality draft genome sequence of Aquidulcibacter pauci halophilus TH1-2T osisolated cyanobbon sydd sin a eutrophic lake. Standards in Genomic Sciences.2017.12:69.10. Cai Haiyuan, et al. Genome of the Proteorhopsin-Containing Bacterium Flavoum sp. Strain TH167, Isolated from Cyanobbring Aggregates in a Eutrophic Lake.2018.Genome Announc 6:e00217-18.11. Cai Haiyuan, et al. The Public Group of The SIAUsphere of Cyanos Blooms in a Eutrophic Freshwater Lake, PLos One.2014.9:102879-102879.