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They say that these new proteins can be used as biological indicators to distinguish the two conditions and determine that patients are more prone to psychosis or suicide
.
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are debilitating mental disorders that are difficult to diagnose and treat
.
Although it is one of the most inherited mental health diseases, few clues to the cause are found in the part of our DNA called genes
Scientists believe that disease-related "dark genome" hot spots may have evolved because they have beneficial functions in human development, but their destruction by environmental factors can lead to susceptibility or development of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
.
The findings are published in today's "Molecular Psychiatry" journal
.
"By scanning the entire genome, we found some regions instead of genes in the traditional sense.
The proteins produced in these regions seem to be related to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder," said Dr.
Sudhakaran Prabakaran, who was in the process of conducting this research.
Work in the Department of Genetics at the University of Cambridge and is also the senior author of the report
.
He added: "This opens up huge potential for new drug targets
.
This is really exciting because no one has looked for clues about understanding and treating these diseases outside of genes before
Researchers believe that these genetic components of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are unique to humans—the newly discovered regions are not found in the genomes of other vertebrates
.
With the development of human cognitive abilities, these areas may evolve very quickly, but they are easily destroyed-leading to these two situations
Chaitanya Erady, a genetics researcher at the University of Cambridge and the first author of the study, said: "The traditional definition of genes is too conservative, which prevents scientists from exploring the functions of the rest of the genome
.
"
She added: “When we classify regions other than DNA as genes, we see that the entire human genome has the ability to make proteins, not just genes
.
We have discovered new proteins involved in biological processes, in schizophrenia.
Most current drugs are designed for proteins encoded by genes
.
This new discovery helps explain why schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are genetic diseases, and may provide new targets for future treatment
Schizophrenia is a serious, long-term mental health condition that can cause hallucinations, delusions, thinking and behavior disorders, and bipolar disorder can cause extreme mood swings ranging from mania to depression
.
These symptoms sometimes make it difficult to distinguish between the two diseases
Prabakaran left his university position earlier this year to create NonExomics to commercialize this and other discoveries
.
Cambridge Enterprise, the commercialization arm of the University of Cambridge, helps NonExomics by licensing intellectual property
His team has now discovered 248,000 DNA regions, which are beyond the traditionally defined gene regions, and these genes encode new proteins that are destroyed in diseases
Journal Reference :
Chaitanya Erady, Krishna Amin, Temiloluwa OAE Onilogbo, Jakub Tomasik, Rebekah Jukes-Jones, Yagnesh Umrania, Sabine Bahn, Sudhakaran Prabakaran.
Novel Open Reading Frames in Human Accelerated Regions and transposable Elements the Reveal new new Leads to Understand Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder .
Molecular Psychiatry , 2021; DOI: 10.
1038/s41380-021-01405-6
