Data from over 50,000 Chinese: Eating too much iodized salt will really increase the risk of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer!

Healthy people often find thyroid nodules during physical examinations
.

The detection rate of thyroid nodules in physical examination is 5%-7%, and the detection rate by ultrasound can be as high as 20%-76%

Iodine is an essential trace element in the synthesis of thyroid hormone
.

In particular, iodine deficiency in pregnant women will affect fetal neurodevelopment and cause mental retardation in newborns

Ten years later, the goiter rate of Chinese students aged 7 to 14 dropped from 20.

The study covered 51,637 subjects, of which 20,784 were found to have thyroid nodules, accounting for 40.
25% of the total
.

A total of 390 subjects were eventually diagnosed with thyroid cancer, accounting for 0.

Diagnosis Independent risk factors include iodized salt intake, age, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Analysis of risk factors of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

Analysis of risk factors of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

Clinicopathological characteristics of subjects with or without thyroid nodules

Clinicopathological characteristics of subjects with or without thyroid nodules

Based on the above results, we conducted telephone follow-up of 20,784 patients with thyroid nodules and found that 390 of them were eventually diagnosed with thyroid cancer
.

Compared with subjects with non-cancerous nodules, subjects diagnosed with thyroid cancer were younger and had lower fasting blood glucose levels

Daily iodized salt intake, gender, smoking, physical activity, BMI, education level and working hours

Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with thyroid cancer and non-thyroid cancer

Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with thyroid cancer and non-thyroid cancer

1.
The correlation between daily iodized salt intake and thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

1.
The correlation between daily iodized salt intake and thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

Compared with subjects without thyroid nodules, when only daily iodized salt intake was used as the analysis variable, the OR was 2.
072 [95% CI: 1.
863-2.
305, p <0.
001]
.

With the introduction of other variables, daily iodized salt intake is a risk factor that increases the risk of thyroid nodules

Daily iodized salt intake is a risk factor that increases the risk of thyroid nodules

In patients with thyroid cancer, compared with thyroid nodules (but without cancer), when only daily iodized salt intake was included as an analysis variable, the OR was 4.
477 [95% CI.
1.
112-18.
019, p = 0.
035 ]
.

After gradually introducing other variables, daily iodized salt intake is always a risk factor for thyroid cancer

In patients with thyroid cancer, compared with thyroid nodules (but without cancer), when only daily iodized salt intake was included as an analysis variable, the OR was 4.
477 [95% CI.
1.
112-18.
019, p = 0.
035 ]
.
After gradually introducing other variables, daily iodized salt intake is always a risk factor for thyroid cancer
.
In patients with thyroid cancer, compared with thyroid nodules (but without cancer), when only daily iodized salt intake was included as an analysis variable, the OR was 4.
477 [95% CI.
1.
112-18.
019, p = 0.
035 ]
.
After gradually introducing other variables, daily iodized salt intake is always a risk factor for thyroid cancer
.

Since daily iodized salt intake is not only an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules, but also an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer, this study further evaluated the feasibility of daily iodized salt intake as a new indicator for clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer
.
It is worth noting that the daily intake of iodized salt can be used as an important reference indicator for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.
The areas under ROC curves (AUCs) are 0.
600 and 0.
693 respectively
.

Since daily iodized salt intake is not only an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules, but also an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer, this study further evaluated the feasibility of daily iodized salt intake as a new indicator for clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer
.
It is worth noting that the daily intake of iodized salt can be used as an important reference indicator for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.
The areas under ROC curves (AUCs) are 0.
600 and 0.
693 respectively
.
Since daily iodized salt intake is not only an independent risk factor for thyroid nodules, but also an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer, this study further evaluated the feasibility of daily iodized salt intake as a new indicator for clinical diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer
.
It is worth noting that the daily intake of iodized salt can be used as an important reference indicator for the diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer.
The areas under ROC curves (AUCs) are 0.
600 and 0.
693 respectively
.

The diagnostic value of daily iodized salt intake for thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer
.
A: Thyroid nodules
.
B: Thyroid cancer

The diagnostic value of daily iodized salt intake for thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer
.
A: Thyroid nodules
.
B: Thyroid cancer

2.
The comprehensive influence of daily iodized salt intake and age, physical activity and education level on the risk of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

2.
The comprehensive influence of daily iodized salt intake and age, physical activity and education level on the risk of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer

Compared with subjects under the age of 60, regardless of the increase in age or the increase in daily iodized salt, the risk of thyroid nodules is higher in subjects over 60 years of age who consume no more than 5 grams of iodized salt per day; The risk is highest in those over 60 years of age and a daily iodized salt intake of more than 5 grams (OR: 4.
88, 95% CI: 4.
29-5.
54, p <0.
001)
.
In a comprehensive analysis with thyroid cancer, only when the daily iodized salt intake exceeds 5 grams (OR: 3.
84, 95% CI: 1.
95-15.
46, p = 0.
042), an increase in cancer risk is observed
.

Compared with those who do not exercise and consume less than 5 grams of iodized salt per day, people who take part in physical activities have a lower risk of thyroid nodules
.
Therefore, although the daily intake of more than 5 grams of iodized salt increases the risk of thyroid nodules, the risk of thyroid nodules associated with the daily intake of more than 5 grams of iodized salt can be partially offset by physical activity (OR: 1.
12, 95 % CI: 0.
97-1.
28, p = 0.
111); similar results were also observed in the comprehensive analysis of thyroid cancer
.

Compared with those with a high school degree or below and those with a daily iodized salt intake of no more than 5 grams, those with higher education levels have a lower risk of thyroid nodules: however, intake of more than 5 grams of iodized salt per day will increase thyroid nodules Risk
.
Therefore, compared with subjects of high school education or junior high school education, subjects with a postgraduate degree or above and a daily iodized salt intake greater than 5 grams have a lower risk of thyroid nodules (OR: 0.
79, 95% CI: 0.
66+0.
93) , P = 0.
005), indicating that the increased risk of thyroid nodules caused by the daily intake of iodized salt greater than 5 grams can be offset by the level of education
.
In the comprehensive analysis with thyroid cancer, the daily iodized salt intake and education level were not statistically significant
.

p

3.
Factors related to iodized salt intake

3.
Factors related to iodized salt intake

This study further investigated the risk factors that may affect the daily intake of iodized salt
.
First, we analyzed which factors are related to the daily intake of more than 5 grams of iodized salt
.
The results showed that age, triglycerides, total cholesterol , history of exposure to harmful substances, physical activity and marital status are risk factors for daily iodized salt intake exceeding 5 grams
.
Fasting blood glucose, gender, family history of tumors, and education level are protective factors to prevent daily iodized salt intake from exceeding 5 grams
.
Further linear regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for daily iodized salt intake exceeding 5 grams include age, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, gender, family history of tumors, history of exposure to harmful substances, physical activity, and education Degree and marital status
.

Cholesterol age, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, total cholesterol, gender, family history of tumors, history of exposure to harmful substances, physical activity, education level, and marital status
.

On this basis, a group analysis of subjects with thyroid nodules found that age, triglycerides, physical activity, and marital status are risk factors for daily iodized salt intake greater than 5 grams, while fasting blood sugar and high blood sugar Density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, sex, and family history of tumors are protective factors to prevent daily intake of iodized salt greater than 5 grams
.
Linear regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the daily iodized salt intake of patients with thyroid nodules greater than 5 grams were age, triglycerides, family history of tumors, physical activity and marital status
.

Age, triglycerides, family history of tumors, physical activity, and marital status

These results indicate that the specific population has nothing to do with thyroid nodules, age, triglycerides and family history of tumors, physical activity and marital status, and is an independent risk factor for daily iodized salt intake greater than 5 grams
.
Improving these areas of daily life can help reduce your daily intake of iodized salt
.

Multiple linear regression analysis of daily intake of iodized salt

Multiple linear regression analysis of daily intake of iodized salt

In summary, the vast majority of people in the hilly areas of inland China currently consume excessive amounts of iodized salt every day.
Excessive intake of iodized salt will increase the risk of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer
.
Salt restriction is imperative: life>
.

 

Original source:

Wang et al.
Analysis of the correlation between high iodized salt intake and the risk of thyroid nodules: a large retrospective study.

BMC Cancer (2021) 21:1000

https://doi.
org/10.
1186/s12885-021-08700-z

Leave a message here