Definition and classification of hazards

1.

A hazard refers to a source, state, or behavior that may cause injury or disease, property damage, or environmental damage, or a combination thereof

The essence of a hazard source is a potentially dangerous source or location, the source of an explosion accident, the core of the concentration of energy and hazardous materials, and the place where energy is transmitted or erupted

It needs to be pointed out that the above definition of hazard is actually in a narrow sense.

2.

There are many ways to classify hazards.

(1) The first category of hazards

According to the theory of accidental release of energy, the accidental release of energy or hazardous substances is the physical, biological or chemical nature of the accident

According to the characteristics of different hazardous substances, the national standard "Identification of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals" (GB18218-2009) divides the hazardous substances of major hazardous sources into 9 categories: ①explosives; ②gas; ③flammable liquids: ④easy Combustible solids; ⑤ Substances prone to spontaneous combustion; ⑥ Substances that emit flammable gas in contact with water; ⑦ Oxidizing substances; ⑧ Organic peroxygen substances; ⑨ Toxic substances

According to the national "Dangerous Goods List" (GB12268-2012), dangerous goods are divided into 9 categories: ①Explosives: ②compressed gas and liquefied gas; ③flammable liquids; ④flammable solids, spontaneously combustibles and Inflammable materials when wet; ⑤oxidants and organic peroxides; ⑥toxic and infectious substances; ⑦radioactive materials; ⑧corrosives; ⑨Miscellaneous

Hazard sources in industrial production operations are generally divided into 7 categories: ① Chemicals: hazardous materials such as toxic, flammable, explosive, and corrosive; ② Radiation: radioactive sources, ray devices, electromagnetic radiation devices, etc.

In order to prevent the first category of dangerous sources from causing accidents, measures must be taken to restrain and limit energy or hazardous materials and control the sources of danger

(2) The second category of hazards

Under normal circumstances, there will be no accidental release of energy or hazardous substances in the production process when constrained or restricted, that is, no accidents

The second category of hazards mainly includes the following three types: human errors (including management errors), physical failures and environmental factors

1.

Human error refers to the phenomenon that the result of human behavior deviates from the required standard, that is, the phenomenon that the prescribed function is not fulfilled

The national standard "Classification of Accidents for Casualties of Enterprise Employees" (GB6441-1986) summarizes human unsafe behavior as operating errors, ignoring safety, ignoring warnings, causing safety devices to fail, using unsafe equipment, hands instead of tools to operate, objects (referring to Finished products, semi-finished products, materials, tools, etc.

2.
The failure of the property

Object failure refers to the phenomenon that mechanical equipment, devices, components, etc.
cannot achieve the intended function due to low performance
.
From the perspective of safety function, the unsafe state of a thing is also a malfunction of the thing
.
The failure of the object may be inherent, caused by design and manufacturing defects; it may also be caused by reasons such as maintenance, improper use, or wear, corrosion, and aging
.
The national standard GB6441-1986 summarizes the unsafe state of objects as the lack or defect of protection, insurance, signal and other devices, the defect of equipment, facilities, tools, and accessories, the lack or defect of personal protective equipment and appliances, and the poor production site.
Class 61 items
.

3.
Environmental factors

The environment where people and things exist, that is, temperature, humidity, noise, vibration, lighting, or ventilation problems in the production environment will cause human error or material failure
.

The occurrence of accidents is often the result of the joint action of two types of hazards
.
The first type of hazard is the main body of energy in casualties, which determines the severity of the consequences of the accident and is the internal cause of the accident
.
The second type of hazard is a necessary condition for the first type of hazard to cause an accident.
It determines the possibility of an accident and is the external cause of the accident.
The two types of hazards are related and interdependent
.

Related Links: Discussion on the Causes of Organic Synthesis R&D Accidents-Other Forms of Accidents