Definition and classification of safety hazards

1.

(1) Definition of hidden danger

There is no specific concept or definition of "hidden danger" found in "Cihai", which can be found in the following source: "The History of Ming Dynasty·Xu Wenhua Biography": "Ning Wang's prestige is growing every day, and hidden dangers are growing every day

In Qing Dynasty Li Yu's "Flounder·Ban Thief": "These thieves have not been eliminated, and they will eventually be a local hidden danger.

Sun Yat-sen's "Three Principles of the People and the Future of China": "Social problems, hidden dangers lie in the future.

Reasoning from the above, hidden dangers, as the name suggests, are hidden or hidden dangers that are not easy to find

(2) Interpretation of hidden safety hazards

Safety hazards refer to the unsafe state of objects (machines), unsafe behaviors of people, poor production environment, and defects in production technology and management that may lead to unsafe incidents or accidents

2.

Safety hazards are divided into general safety hazards and major safety hazards

(1) General safety hazards

General safety hazards refer to hazards that are less difficult to rectify and can be rectified and eliminated immediately after discovery

(2) Major safety hazards

Significant safety hazards refer to hazards that are difficult to rectify, and should be completely or partially suspended from production and business, and can only be eliminated after a certain period of time for rectification and management

1.

A major safety hazard refers to a safety hazard that may cause more than 10 deaths or may cause a direct loss of more than 5 million yuan

2.

A particularly serious safety hazard refers to a safety hazard that may cause the death of more than 50 people, or may cause a direct loss of more than 10 million yuan

Due to the nature of the business, the location and personnel limitations of the chemical laboratory, the basic safety hazards are general

3.

The essence of the hazard source is the source of the hazard, that is, the source or location, which is the core of the accident energy
.

The essence of the hidden danger is the source of the accident, that is, the source of danger, which is "already dangerous, unsafe, and defective".
It is the unsafe state of the source of danger and the intermediate process of the source of danger evolving into an accident
.
The unsafe existence state (existence conditions) of the hazard is determined by the space and environmental factors (structure, safety distance, lightning, etc.
), physical factors (temperature and humidity, state and potential energy mutations, etc.
), chemical factors (storage mutual avoidance, decomposition, Polymerization, accelerated aging, damage, deterioration, etc.
), biological factors (microbial and animal erosion, etc.
), and man-made unsafe factors (negligence, ignorance, frizz, recklessness, violation of SOP and poor management or lack of management) and other factors
.

The source of hazard exists objectively.
Existence does not necessarily cause an accident.
It is only the carrier of the accident.
Only in an unsafe state (condition) can it form a safety hazard or cause an accident
.
Different hazards often determine the type of accident and the severity of its consequences
.
Safety hazards determine the possibility of accidents, they are potential disasters, and the direct factors that ultimately lead to accidents
.

The extended interpretation of these two words from the national standards can also clearly distinguish them
.
Major hazards refer to hazards that may cause major accidents.
They are identified in accordance with the "Identification of Major Hazardous Sources of Hazardous Chemicals" (GB18218-2009), which refers to the long-term or temporary production, processing, use or storage of hazardous chemicals In short, the basis for judging whether it is a major hazard source is the intrinsic hazard nature of the substance, and the second is the quantity of the substance
.
Major safety hazards are the combination of the potential energy and quantity of the hazard source, as well as its environment and state
.

It can be seen from the above standard explanation that major hazards are not major safety hazards, but hazards are directly related to safety hazards, and hazards are the fundamental element of safety hazards
.