Development status of four new technology industries in medical laboratory

Author: Huoshi Research Institute Make up ginger The progress of modern medicine and the improvement of medical level depend more and more on the progress of medical testing technology, while the treatment technology and drug research and development are constantly improving The development of medical detection technology involves the interdisciplinary development of biology, chemistry, electronics, mechanics, optics, artificial intelligence and other disciplines With the development of medical detection technology in various fields, new detection technology is emerging The application of molecular diagnosis POCT, gene chip, liquid biopsy and mass spectrometry has greatly promoted the improvement of current medical technology Molecular diagnosis is the field with the highest content of in vitro diagnosis technology It has high accuracy and sensitivity It is an important part of accurate detection, and its core is gene detection POCT (real-time test), which refers to the clinical test and bedside test beside patients, is the hot direction of the development of in vitro diagnosis at present, with the characteristics of small sample amount, simple operation and rapid detection In particular, the development of microfluidic chip technology provides a better development space for POCT With the progress of detection technology and the improvement of detection demand, especially the development of precision medicine, the combination of molecular diagnosis and POCT becomes the future development trend Through the integrated platform, it can easily sample and detect in time, and complete the sample processing and analysis within 2 hours, so that gene detection also has the characteristics of even testing, to achieve accurate and rapid gene detection Due to the high technical difficulty of molecular diagnosis POCT, the number of Companies in this field is limited Danaher, Roche, biomerie and Abbott are the main companies in foreign countries, while Wanfu biology, Haier biology and other companies in China invest in relevant technologies With the development of microfluidic and other cutting-edge technologies, combined with the development of precision medicine and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, the market potential of molecular diagnosis POCT products will be gradually released Table 1 domestic and foreign enterprises and products of POCT Microarray is a technique to obtain the target nucleotide sequence by hybridization and sequencing The microarray has high automation, high detection efficiency and detection flux, but the cost is relatively high Like protein chip, gene chip also has solid-phase chip and liquid-phase chip The solid-phase chip is the mainstream technology of application It is used to fix gene probes on silicon chips, slides and other supports with sequences to form a two-dimensional nucleic acid array On behalf of the company, there are Affymetrix, which has been purchased by Thermo Fisher, Perkin Elmer, Boao, and boulder gene There are few applications of liquid-phase chip, mainly to fix gene probe on polymer microspheres such as fluorescence encoded polystyrene, etc., fluorescence encoded different microspheres to achieve index classification, and then to achieve high-throughput analysis The representative company is Luminex, with up to 500 kinds of microspheres Although there are also manufacturers in China, the progress is slow With the increasing number of hospital visits and the increasing requirements of inspection automation, the demand for high-throughput detection is also increasing The high-throughput detection provided by gene chip can not only provide high-precision detection, but also detect multiple indicators at the same time, reduce the sample consumption and greatly reduce the workload of inspection It will be the general trend of inspection in the future to meet a large number of inspection needs by reasonable allocation of different inspection index combinations Liquid biopsy is a new technology developed in recent years It can identify the disease by detecting the tumor and other related disease information in blood and body fluid Because the blood contains nucleic acids and other molecules released after the death of tumor cells and tumor cells, liquid biopsy mainly uses cell detection and gene sequencing technology to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, protein markers and circulating RNA It is mainly used in early screening, prognosis, personalized treatment, disease detection, medication guidance and non-invasive prenatal testing of tumors Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is less invasive, repeatable and more accurate The sampling of liquid biopsy is blood and body fluid The collected sample information is not limited to the location of the disease, but also includes other possible sites of metastasis The disease information obtained is more comprehensive, so as to provide a more detailed disease molecular map Moreover, the sampling is simple and the detection risk is very small However, because the cost of detection is still not low, and the sample processing and detection methods of different companies are different, which will have an impact on the data, resulting in different detection results; moreover, affected by different disease types, development period and other factors, the sample information content will be different, and the occurrence of false negative false positive results have a certain impact on the development of liquid biopsy Although there are many problems, in the long run, with the development of technology, standardization of detection technology and joint detection of multiple genes, liquid biopsy will be more and more used to replace tissue biopsy in clinical practice At present, there are more than 100 enterprises carrying out relevant business, and many of them have been listed Table 2 liquid biopsy related listed companies Mass spectrometry has been developed for a hundred years It has been expanding from the original analytical chemistry field to other fields In recent years, it has been widely used in biomedical field The scope of application includes biochemical test, microbiological test, molecular biological test, immunological test, intraoperative test, application of test standardization, etc Table 3 application of mass spectrometry in clinical examination Mass spectrometry has the characteristics of high specificity, high sensitivity, small amount of sample, high throughput, high efficiency, fast and so on The detection concentration of many detection items can reach pg / ml, which can simultaneously determine the same sample with multiple indicators It has unique advantages in the detection of major diseases such as cancer It can also be used for blood, sputum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal effusion and other samples The United States and other developed countries have been widely used in medical testing There are hundreds of clinical testing projects, and China is in its infancy, with about 70 items At present, the mass spectrometry detection institutions include quest and labcorp in the United States, and golden domain medicine and Dean's diagnosis (Kelley spectrum) in China The progress of mass spectrometry technology has benefited from the continuous development of mass spectrometer The mass spectrometer for biological detection includes matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS), and the latest electrospray 14 pole time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF) Table 4 mass spectrometry system with registration certificate Although mass spectrometry technology also has some limitations, such as low automation and false-positive detection, but with the continuous development and improvement of related technologies and new applications, especially the completion of full-automatic preprocessor, intelligent detection platform, and the gradual deepening of basic and clinical transformation research, mass spectrometry technology may bring new changes to the field of medical testing, which will be developed in the early preventive detection of diseases More widely used.