Diabetogia: Glucose-dependent insulin-promoting insulin peptides with cardiovascular events and risk of death: a prospective study.

There is !---- evidence that glucose-dependent insulin-promoting insulin peptides (GIP) and/or GIP receptors (GIPR) are associated with cardiovascular biologycompared to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), the study assumed that GIP had adverse effects on cardiovascular biology, and therefore the effects of GIP and GLP-1 concentrations on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk of death were studiedGIP concentrations were measured in two separate populations (Malmo Diet Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohorts (MDC-CC) and Botnia's Diabetes Prevalence, Prediction and Prevention (ppp -Botnia)) with a total of 8,044 subjectsthe determination of GLP-1 in MDC-CC (n - 3625)assess the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases through national/regional registrations or questionnaires, using GIP-related genetic variant rs1800437 as a tool variable, two samples of Mendel randomization (2SMR) were analyzed on the GIP pathway and prognosis (coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction)also used CAD as the exposure variable, GIP as the outcome variable to reverse 2SMR, by 114 known CAD genetic risk variants to build tool variablesin the meta-analysis, higher GIP levels on fasting were associated with a higher overall risk of mortality (HR s.95% CI) s 1.22 s.11, 1.35, ;p s.4.5 x 10-5) and death from cardiovascular disease (HR 1.30 (95% confidence interval) (1.11, 1.52) ;p s.001)therefore, 2SMR analysis showed that elevated GIP concentrations were associated with coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, while another reverse 2SMR showed that coronary heart disease had no significant effect on GIP levels, confirming the effects of GIP alone on coronary heart diseaseresults showed that in two community-based prospective studies, elevated GIP levels were associated with an increased risk of total causes and cardiovascular deaths during follow-up 5-9 years, while GLP-1 levels were not associated with excessive riskfurther research needs to determine the cardiovascular effects of GIP itself.