Diabetogia: Premature birth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk?

Previous studies have shown that preterm birth (less than 37 weeks of pregnancy) is associated with insulin resistance early in lifeHowever, there is currently no large-scale population-based study of the risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and potential gender differences from childhood to adulthoodClinicians are increasingly encountering premature adults and therefore need to understand their long-term risksWe hypothesize that preterm birth is associated with an increased risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adulthooda national cohort study followed 4,193,069 single children born in Sweden between 1973 and 2014 and followed up with type 1 and 2 diabetes identified in national diagnostic and pharmacy data until the end of 2015 (maximum age 43 years; median age at the end of follow-up was 22.5 years)Cox regression is used to correct potential confounding factors, while homologous analysis assesses common familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors27,512 (0.7%) and 5,525 (0.1%) were identified as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, during the 92.3 million years of follow-upThe age of pregnancy at birth is inversely proportional to the risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetesAdjusted HR swhoate with type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with premature infants at less than 18 years of age is 1.21 (95% CI, 1.14, 1.28) and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.01, 1.58) respectively) adjusted HR was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.13, 1.37) and 1.49 (95% CI, 1.31, 1.68) respectively, compared to full-month delivery at 18-43 yearsThe association between preterm birth and type 2 (but not type 1) diabetes is stronger in women (e.g., at age 18-43, females: adjusted HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.47, 2.09; male: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08, 1.53; For addition and multiplication interaction, P.01)These associations can only be explained in part by common genetic or environmental factors in the familystudies have shown that premature babies are associated with an increased risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes from childhood to early to mid-adulthood in this large national queuePremature infants and adults may need early prevention assessment and long-term surveillance of diabetes