Different types of "liver failure", one picture teaches you the diagnosis and treatment

Only for medical professionals to read and refer to the strongest mind map to help you easily get the diagnosis and treatment of liver failure
.

Liver failure refers to severe damage to the liver caused by various factors, leading to serious impairment of its synthesis, detoxification, excretion and biotransformation, resulting in a set of clinical syndromes with coagulation dysfunction, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, etc.
as the main manifestations
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How should different types of liver failure be diagnosed? Liver failure can be divided into four categories: acute liver failure (within 2 weeks), subacute liver failure (15 days-26 weeks), chronic acute liver failure and chronic liver failure (progressive decline in liver function)
.

Different types of liver failure have different symptoms, mainly including: general symptoms (fatigue, anorexia, hiccups), gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, severe abdominal pain caused by biliary spasm), jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy (progressive Neuropsychiatric changes and even coma, epilepsy, blood ammonia can be elevated or not), coagulation dysfunction and bleeding (coagulation factor synthesis disorder and platelet dysfunction), renal insufficiency, infection, electrolyte disorders (various electrolyte disorders such as low sodium A series of clinical manifestations such as hypocalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic acidosis, among which hypocalcemia simply cannot be corrected by supplementing blood calcium, and magnesium ions need to be supplemented at the same time)
.

The details are shown in the figure below: What are the precautions for liver failure treatment? At present, there are no specific drugs and methods for liver failure, and comprehensive medical treatment is an important treatment basis for the treatment of liver failure
.

The "Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Failure (2018 Edition)" emphasizes early diagnosis and early intervention according to the cause, classification, and type, which is of great significance for improving the prognosis of the disease
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In addition to general symptomatic support, liver protection, inflammation suppression, and correction of hypoproteinemia, the guidelines also suggest that under the principle of enteral nutrition, supplementary nutrition through night meals to achieve the overall energy intake, and still emphasize the cause of the treatment Importance
.

And the guidelines recommend early and active artificial liver treatment for patients with liver failure, and advance the treatment period.
In addition to active intervention for early and mid-stage patients, patients with pre-hepatic failure should also be included in the indications in order to effectively block the disease.
Progress
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Nevertheless, bioartificial liver and hybrid artificial liver are still in the laboratory research stage.
How to obtain a suitable cell source and how to construct a perfect bioreactor to maximize the function of liver cells in vitro is still urgently needed to be solved.
Problem
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Reference materials: [1] Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group of Infectious Diseases Branch of Chinese Medical Association.
Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Failure (2018 Edition)[J].
Clinical Hepatobiliary Diseases,2019,35(1):38-42.
[2] Chen Jiajia, Fan Linxiao, Li Lanjuan.
Interpretation of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Failure (2018 Edition)[J].
Chinese Journal of Clinicians, 2020, 48(11):1279-1281.