echemi logo
Product
  • Product
  • Supplier
  • Inquiry
    Home > Active Ingredient News > Drugs Articles > Discussion on three processes of pharmaceutical water equipment

    Discussion on three processes of pharmaceutical water equipment

    • Last Update: 2020-01-16
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
    Search more information of high quality chemicals, good prices and reliable suppliers, visit www.echemi.com
    1 Production process of purified water The following describes the production process and supporting equipment of three kinds of purified water 1.1 the combination process of ion exchange and primary reverse osmosis The combination process of ion exchange and primary reverse osmosis is the basic combination of modern water production process Its core technology can include three parts: water pretreatment technology, primary reverse osmosis technology and automatic regeneration ion exchange technology The pretreatment technology of water mainly includes automatic regeneration activated carbon filter and automatic regeneration resin softening device Raw water tank - booster pump - security filter - automatic regeneration activated carbon filter - automatic regeneration resin softening device - security filter - primary reverse osmosis unit - intermediate water tank - intermediate water pump - automatic regeneration ion exchange device - security filter - ultraviolet sterilization - purified water storage tank Figure 1 each component description (1) source water: tap water is the source water in the hospital preparation water treatment system (2) booster pump: it is a high-pressure pump in the primary reverse osmosis unit, providing water inlet pressure of > 0.15Mpa (3) security filter 1: it can intercept the suspended particles and impurities in the source water that are more than 10t ~ M It is made of origami (10m) or polyethylene (4m, 10m, 20m, etc.) (4) automatic regeneration activated carbon filter: its main function is to absorb residual chlorine, colloid, organic matter and CaCO in water , CaSO, etc The activated carbon filter is generally filled with carbon for purified water (5) automatic regeneration resin softener: the function of the resin softener is to reduce the content of calcium and magnesium plasma in the source water and soften the water, because such cations will affect the downstream equipment of the water treatment system (such as reverse osmosis membrane, ion exchange column and distiller) The device is usually filled with cation exchange resin, and can be regenerated and reused by saturated sodium chloride brine (6) security filter 2: the main function is to intercept the activated carbon particles and resin particles that may overflow with water from the activated carbon filter and resin softening device, and these particles will cause mechanical damage to the reverse osmosis membrane under the action of high-pressure water flow Therefore, the safety filter 2 can protect the RO membrane from being damaged by the pillow, and effectively guarantee the service life and water quality of the RO membrane Safety filter 2 is made of the same material as safety filter 1, and its specification is generally 4m origami filter element (7) primary reverse osmosis: the pore diameter of the reverse osmosis membrane is mostly ≤ 10 × 10-om, and the separation object is the organic matter in the ionic state and the relative molecular weight is about several hundred Therefore, the reverse osmosis membrane can not only remove the salt in the water, but also remove the bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms in the water Its principle is to apply a greater pressure than natural osmotic pressure to the water containing salt, so as to make the osmosis proceed in the opposite direction, and press the water molecules in the salt water to the other side of the membrane to become pure water, so as to achieve the purpose of removing salt in the water The commonly used membrane materials are cellulose acetate membrane and aromatic polyamide membrane, and the latter are more used (8) intermediate water tank: it is a water storage tank between the primary reverse osmosis and ion exchange device, and its function is to prevent the influence on the production process due to the imbalance between the outlet speed of the primary reverse osmosis and the inlet speed of the ion exchange device (9) intermediate water pump: provide water flow power for automatic regeneration ion exchange device (10) ion exchange device: the principle of preparing deionized water by ion exchange method is to use cation exchange resin and anion exchange resin to carry out equal charge exchange with cations or anions in water, so as to remove ions in water and make source water finally reach the standard of purified water The system consists of three parts: cation bed, anion bed and mixed bed, which can remove anion and anion in water more effectively The ion exchange device needs to be regenerated after a period of use It is usually washed repeatedly with acid and alkali to achieve the purpose of regeneration of ion exchange resin Ion exchange regeneration device can realize the automatic regeneration of ion exchange resin (11) security filter 3: it is made of the same material as security filter 1, and its specification is generally 4 urn origami filter element, which can intercept resin particles from the combined bed system of ion exchange device that may overflow with water (12) UV sterilization: UV with a wavelength of 200nm-300nm has a sterilization effect, and the sterilization effect varies with the wavelength Among them, 254nm-257nm wave band has a good sterilization effect This is because the ultraviolet absorption peak of DNA nuclear protein in bacteria is just in this wavelength range If the sterilization capacity of this band of ultraviolet is set as 100%, then compared with that of other wavelengths of ultraviolet, the ultraviolet that exceeds or is lower than 254nm-257nm will decrease with the increase of wavelength, and the sterilization effect will decrease sharply 1.2 secondary reverse osmosis is the main process for the preparation of purified water at home and abroad It retains the pre-treatment technology and primary reverse osmosis technology in "1.1" The main difference from "1.1" is that the secondary reverse osmosis device is used instead of the ion exchange device Raw water tank - booster pump - security filter - automatic regeneration activated carbon filter - automatic regeneration resin softening device - security filter - primary reverse osmosis unit - intermediate water tank - (quantitative addition of NaOH) - intermediate water pump - secondary reverse osmosis unit - purification water tank The principle and membrane materials used in the secondary reverse osmosis are the same as those used in the primary reverse osmosis In the process, NaOH is added quantitatively between the primary and secondary RO to remove the coz in water Since the CO content in tap water is generally high in China, and the reverse osmosis membrane has no retention effect on the coz, the CO can be converted into HCO by adding NaOH quantitatively One and Co. Reverse osmosis membrane for HCO One and CO First, it has a high removal rate 1.3 the combination of two-stage reverse osmosis and electric deionization system; the combination of two-stage reverse osmosis and electric deionization (EDI) system is the production process of purified water with good water quality and stable water quality at present Compared with the "1.1" and "1.2" systems, the sand filtration device is added, the resin softening device is replaced by the ultrafiltration device, and the EDI system is added after the secondary reverse osmosis, Raw water tank - booster pump - sand filter - automatic regeneration activated carbon filter - ultrafilter - primary reverse osmosis unit - quantitative addition of NaOH - secondary reverse osmosis unit - intermediate water tank - high rockfall - EDI - ultraviolet disinfection - purified water tank, the following is the description of each part (1) sand filter: the main equipment of source water filtration is sand filter The filter materials used in sand filtration are mostly quartz sand, anthracite and manganese sand, etc When the solid matter in the source water enters the tiny gap formed by the upper filter material of the sand filter, it is blocked on the surface layer of the filter due to mechanical obstruction and adsorption At the same time, these solid materials are overlapped and bridged with each other, just like a filter membrane is formed on the surface of the filter layer to continue to filter the solid impurities in the water (2) ultrafiltration: it is a kind of membrane separation technology The ultrafiltration membrane is composed of cellulose or non cellulose polymer injected into porous supporting materials, and the pore diameter is about 0.00m ~ 0.02M Ultrafiltration can be used to separate and remove organisms, various bacteria, pyrogens, most viruses, colloids and macromolecular organic substances in water (3) EDI system composition and working principle: EDI organically combines membrane separation technology, electrodialysis and ion exchange method Its working principle is: (1) desalination is achieved by absorbing metal ions in water by resin filled in battery module stack ② by inputting direct current at both ends of the battery module stack, the potential difference is generated inside the module stack, which makes the cations in the water move to the cation exchange membrane in the cathode direction and the anions move to the anion exchange membrane in the anode direction, so that the anions and cations finally enter the concentration chamber ③ with the increase of the desalting amount, the resistivity of the desalting chamber will increase, and H and Oh will be generated by continuous ionization decomposition, so that the resin in the desalting chamber will always be in the regeneration state, which creates conditions for efficient and continuous desalting 1 Two sets of systems are used for the quality evaluation of purified water prepared by 43 processes The first set of evaluation criteria is the provisions of "purified water" in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2000 edition The second set of evaluation criteria is conductivity The purified water prepared by the three processes met the requirements of the "purified water" in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2000 EDITION), but the water quality of the three processes evaluated by conductivity index was different The process conductivity (μ s / cm) (25 ℃) of the tested sample is RSD primary reverse osmosis + ion exchange 0.0725 ± 0.025 0.35; secondary reverse osmosis 1.55 ± 0.162 0.105; secondary reverse osmosis + EDI 0.20 primary and secondary 0.558 0.109 As the conductivity is smaller, the purity of water is higher, and the water quality is better Therefore, the quality of purified water prepared by the combination system of primary reverse osmosis and ion exchange is high, followed by the combination system of secondary reverse osmosis and EDI, and the second is the secondary reverse osmosis system 2 Production process of water for injection: water for injection is distilled water from purified water Water for injection is made of purified water with conductivity ≤ 2 as feed water, distilled by multi effect distilled water machine and conforming to the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2000 EDITION) Therefore, the purified water prepared by the above three processes can be used as feed water to prepare water for injection The second stage reverse osmosis unit – purified water tank – multi effect distiller The following are the parts to explain the multi effect distiller: the multi effect distiller has 4-effect and 5-effect specifications At present, the multi effect distilled water machine produced by domestic manufacturers is lower than the four effect distilled water machine It can produce water for injection that meets the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia The principle and characteristics of the 4-effect distilled water machine are illustrated by taking the 4-effect distilled water machine as an example: the 4-effect distilled water machine adopts the 4-column central circulation tubular distillation mode, which is characterized by remarkable energy saving effect, energy consumption is only 1 / 4 of that of the tower type distilled water machine, full use of energy and high thermal efficiency In addition, it also has the characteristics of compact equipment structure, reasonable layout, small floor area, new technology, fast water output, simple installation and operation, and continuous monitoring of water quality by conductivity meter Once the effluent quality standard is set, the multi effect distilled water machine can automatically discard the unqualified water in front and collect the distilled water attached to the standard This process is called automatic switching The power of the machine is steam pressure, which has a wide range of use It can work normally under 0.2MPa steam pressure, and 0.35Mpa is the best working condition The machine can also produce high quality pure steam for disinfection 3 Discuss the characteristics of the combined process of ion exchange and primary reverse osmosis: the process has low cost, high purity of water quality, but unstable water quality, which decreases with the decrease of exchange capacity of ion exchange resin In addition, the ion exchange resin needs to be regenerated regularly to ensure the effectiveness of the ion exchange resin The regeneration of ion exchange resin usually adopts acid and alkali regeneration The waste acid and alkali produced pollute the environment In addition, the utilization rate of the process source water is determined by the primary reverse osmosis device, about 50% (25 ℃) The characteristics of the two-stage reverse osmosis method: the process is very effective in removing bacteria and pyrogen Although the quality of purified water is relatively low, the water quality is stable and the pollution to the environment in the production process is small In order to ensure that
    This article is an English version of an article which is originally in the Chinese language on echemi.com and is provided for information purposes only. This website makes no representation or warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, completeness ownership or reliability of the article or any translations thereof. If you have any concerns or complaints relating to the article, please send an email, providing a detailed description of the concern or complaint, to service@echemi.com. A staff member will contact you within 5 working days. Once verified, infringing content will be removed immediately.

    Contact Us

    The source of this page with content of products and services is from Internet, which doesn't represent ECHEMI's opinion. If you have any queries, please write to service@echemi.com. It will be replied within 5 days.

    Moreover, if you find any instances of plagiarism from the page, please send email to service@echemi.com with relevant evidence.