Synapses promote tumor growth? Are PARP inhibitors effective for all ovarian cancers?

This article reviews the latest research highlights of each university technology website, hoping that readers will like it 1 Scientists have found that synapses can promote the growth of brain tumors Recently, nature published an article "glioma in the neural circuit under the dual action of electricity and synapse", which mentioned that neurons and brain tumor cells form excitatory synapses, which is a direct neural circuit input to promote tumor growth Glioma is a kind of brain tumor, its growth depends on the activity of neurons Although the indirect interaction between neurons and brain tumor cells has been studied, it is not clear whether direct synaptic electrochemical signals are involved in tumor growth Michelle monje and his team from Stanford University, Thomas Kuner, Frank Winkler and their team provided evidence for the formation of functional synapses between neurons and glioma cells in xenotransplantation mouse models and human glioma tissues Douglas Hanahan and his colleagues found that glutamate secreted by neurons plays a regulatory role in the process of mouse brain metastasis, and the glutamate signaling pathway is active in brain metastasis Original address: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1563-y 2 Scientists found a large number of new gene loci related to multiple sclerosis Photo source: pasieka / sciencephotolibrary / Getty, a recent article published by Science (science365, Eaav7188 (2019)) mentioned that scientists' large-scale meta-analysis of genetic data of multiple sclerosis (MS) identified more than 200 mutations significantly related to MS susceptibility MS is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system Previous studies have identified some genetic variations associated with the disease; however, most of the genetic variation risks remain unknown Researchers from the International Federation of multiple sclerosis genetics analyzed genome-wide data from more than 47000 patients with multiple sclerosis and 68000 controls They found a large number of new gene loci related to multiple sclerosis, including the first mutation found on the X chromosome MS gene is as rich in innate and adaptive immune systems as microglia Source: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0656-3 3 PARP inhibitors are effective for all kinds of ovarian cancer Recently, the New England Journal of Medicine published a research article on the role of niraparib in newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer patients Niraparib is a poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor Regardless of the functional state of DNA repair mechanism, niraparib, a PARP inhibitor, has shown clinical benefits in patients with ovarian cancer Mutations in the BRCA gene disrupt the ability to correct DNA breaks through homologous recombination and are associated with the efficacy of PARP inhibitors in patients with ovarian cancer However, it is not clear whether these drugs are also effective in other patients with repair defects In Prima / engot-ov26 / gog-3012 phase 3 clinical trial, Antonio Gonzalez Martine and his collaborators found that niraparib can prolong the progression free survival of newly diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer This benefit was observed in patients with HRD due to BRCA mutations and other mechanisms, as well as in patients without evidence of HRD Original address: https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/nejmoa1910962 4, an affordable preparation for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in underserved people According to a recent article in the New England Journal of medicine entitled "preparations for cardiovascular disease prevention in low nutrition population", a randomized controlled trial shows that a preparation containing four affordable drugs can effectively reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with insufficient health care services (mainly minority and low-income population) The clinical benefits of multiple disease pills containing a fixed dose combination of drugs known to help prevent or treat disease or a range of related diseases have been well established However, whether a cheap preparation is beneficial to the lower socio-economic status of the population, which poses a challenge to the traditional treatment scheme, has not been verified Thomas J Wang, a scientist at Vanderbilt transformation and clinical cardiovascular research center, and his colleagues found that 12 months after $26 a month of preparation treatment, two important risk factors for cardiovascular disease, systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, were significantly lower than those of conventional treatment Original address: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1815359 5 Non communicable diseases are increasing in sub Saharan Africa According to the latest information of the lancet, between 1990 and 2017, the whole age disability adjusted life years (DALYs, total health life years lost from disease to death) caused by non communicable diseases (NCD) in sub Saharan Africa increased by 67% The burden of disease in sub Saharan Africa is largely due to infectious diseases However, with the development of low-income and middle-income countries, the prevalence of NCDs has increased This is the so-called epidemic transition period, and the epidemic situation of this transition period in the region is not clear Scientist Heba Gouda and colleagues analyzed data from the 2017 global burden of disease, injury and risk factors study (GBD) to determine Daly for noncommunicable diseases in the region The results show that the increase of NCDs in this area is huge and poses a major challenge to the medical system Source: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0659-0 editor in charge | denigui statement: this point of view only represents the author, not the position of yaozhi.com, welcome to exchange and supplement in the message area; 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