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With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution and the rapid development of information technology, "Internet of Things (IoT) technology" (that is, the interconnection of people, machines and things anytime, anywhere) came into being
.
Sensor networks (WNS), which consist of a large number of low-power electronic components, play an indispensable role
in IoT.
Under the existing technology, these thousands of electronic devices are driven by chemical batteries or grid connections to provide electrical energy, but this will bring many problems: chemical batteries have life problems, and massive use will undoubtedly cause environmental pollution; The way the grid is supplied will increase the complexity of system integration and massive maintenance costs
.
The nascent energy harvesting technology can convert various renewable clean energy such as mechanical vibration energy, magnetic field energy, wave energy, and solar energy widely distributed in the environment into electrical energy, and then use it to drive a large number of distributed electronic sensing elements, which will provide a new way for wireless self-supply of sensor network (WNS) systems and provide the possibility
to solve the power supply of massive distributed sensor networks 。 Based on the magnetic torque effect and the piezoelectric effect, magnetic-electromechanical energy harvesters can simultaneously convert the widely distributed magnetic field energy and vibration energy in the environment into the electrical energy we need, so they have become a high-profile category
in multiphysics energy harvesting technology.
So far, magnetic-electro-electrical energy harvesters have widely used the traditional cantilever harmonic oscillator mechanical structure, which has gradually fallen into difficulty
in further improving energy conversion efficiency and output power due to its inevitable inherent clamping loss.
Recently, Advanced Energy Materials, a top international journal in the field of materials, reported online the important progress
made by Professor Dong Shuxiang's research group in the field of magnetic-electromechanical coupling from the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Peking University 。 The paper is "Significant Output Power Enhancement in Symmetric Dual-Mode Magneto-Mechano-Electric Coupled Resonators" (DOI: 10.
1002/aenm.
202202306).
。 Through the established modified equivalence model, the author reveals the essential cause of mechanical loss of traditional single-mode magnetic-electromechanical coupling harmonic oscillators, and on this basis, a symmetric two-modal harmonic oscillator design with magnetic-electromechanical coupling is proposed accordingly, which can effectively suppress the mechanical loss of the harmonic oscillator and greatly improve the magnetic-electro-electromechanical coupling performance and output power
of the energy harvester.
Fig.
1 Symmetric bimodal and modified equivalence model
Fig.
2 Magnetic-mechanical-electrical coupling and energy harvesting performance of symmetric two-modal resonator energy harvester
Experimentally, the research group developed a magnetic-mechanical-electrical coupling energy harvester based on a tuning fork structure symmetrical bimodal harmonic oscillator based on lead zirconate piezoelectric ceramics.
Under the magnetic field excitation of 4 Oe, the new dual-mode magnetic-electromechanical energy harvester can generate a peak-to-peak output power of 72 mWpp (9 mWRMS) and can directly drive 160 commercial LED lights
in real time.
Compared with the traditional widely used single-mode cantilever resonator energy harvester, the output power is increased by 437%.
The application example further reveals that the new dual-mode magnetic-electromechanical-electrical coupling harmonic oscillator energy harvester can effectively collect the stray weak magnetic field radiated by typical household appliances (hair dryers) during operation, and can generate peak-to-peak voltage and power output of 42 Vpp and 7.
5 mWpp
, respectively.
This output power is sufficient to drive commercial Xiaomi temperature-humidity sensors in real time and connect
via Bluetooth technology and mobile terminals.
The above results prove that the new two-mode resonator energy harvester proposed in this paper has strong magnetic-electromechanical coupling ability, excellent power output performance, and future application potential
in self-powered modules of IoT systems.
Moreover, the symmetrical bimodal concept proposed in this work will guide and inspire the design of all vibration-based devices (such as electromechanical coupling devices, magnetoelectrically coupled devices, magnetomechanical coupled devices, etc
.
) in the future.
Figure 3 Application example
The first author of the paper is Yu Zhonghui, a 2020 doctoral student at the School of Materials Science and Engineering of Peking University, and Dong Shuxiang is the corresponding author
of the paper.
Co-authors include Qiu Hao, a 2021 doctoral student at the School of Engineering, Peking University, researcher Li Faxin, and Associate Professor Chu Zhaoqiang of Harbin Engineering University
.
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51772005) and the Beijing
Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Functional Materials and Devices.