Eat a little crispy pork every week, blood sugar will go up?

*It is only for medical professionals to read and refer to the 229th issue of Weekly News.
You still have to be careful when you eat and drink! The small crispy meat changes the intestinal flora and makes you unhappy with the increase in blood sugar; it is better to try nuts for lowering blood sugar, which are rich in linoleic acid to improve chronic diseases
.

This week’s summary four times a week small crispy meat, beneficial bacteria are driven away, inflammation indicators can not stop, blood sugar has to go up.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, the field of chronic diseases is broadly controlled, if you want to reduce the risk of diabetes, you may wish to try Linoleic acid depression and diabetes are not separated.
If you are unhappy, your blood sugar will be high.
If your blood sugar is high, you will not be happy.
Poor eating habits are an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but it is also a risk factor that everyone can change
.

Recent studies have found that eating more fried foods may increase the risk of T2DM
.

Eating more fried food often means more energy intake, and it is also possible to accidentally eat the harmful substances produced during the frying process
.

However, some studies have found that eating fried foods with unsaturated fatty acids may help improve insulin resistance sensitivity
.

 Meat often becomes the protagonist of fried food
.

Although the protein in meat is mainly digested in the upper intestine, 10% may reach the large intestine and be fermented by the intestinal microbiota
.

The deep-frying processing method may also reduce the digestibility, allowing more leftover protein to affect the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota
.

Therefore, a recent study published in Diabetes Care integrated these factors and explored the relationship between fried food intake and intestinal flora and the risk of T2DM
.

 Figure 1.
1 The study was published in Diabetes Care.
This randomized controlled trial from the School of Public Health of Harbin Medical University included 117 overweight adults, of which 59 participants ate fried meat 4 times a week, and 58 participants were restricted from eating.
Fried meat
.

The deep-fried meat was deep-fried at 150 degrees Celsius for 3 minutes, and the control group received meat that was boiled, steamed, or seasoned with sauce at 100 degrees Celsius
.

At the same time, the two groups also kept other food intake and nutrient composition unchanged for a total of 4 weeks
.

The researchers used sequencing to analyze the relationships among participants' gut microbiota, blood glucose and blood insulin levels, fecal microbiota-host co-metabolite levels, and gut endotoxin and inflammation serum biomarker levels
.

 The results showed that the insulin production index of the participants who ate fried meat was lower than that of the control group, but their insulin and lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-1β levels were higher (P<0.
05)
.

The intake of fried meat reduced the microbial community, the abundance of Trichospirillum and flavonoids, and increased the abundance of microbacteria, Dallella and Veillonella (P<0.
05)
.

 This change caused significant changes in the fecal metabolite profile of the participants, with increased levels of 3-indolepropionic acid, valeric acid, and butyric acid, while levels of carnitine and methylglutaric acid decreased (P<0.
05)
.

The changes in the levels of these co-metabolites are related to changes in blood glucose metabolism indicators such as insulin production index and muscle insulin resistance index, as well as changes in the levels of inflammatory indicators such as lipopolysaccharide, FGF21, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10.
(P<0.
05)
.

This study shows that the intake of fried meat will adversely affect the body's blood sugar stability, and will also affect the gut microbiota and microbial host co-metabolites to regulate toxins and systemic inflammation levels
.

A review article published at the same time pointed out that food processing methods are as important as the type of food, even healthy vegetables, the benefits of high-temperature frying may be weakened
.

In this regard, the current Chinese dietary guidelines have proposed: cultivate light eating habits and eat less high-salt and fried foods
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However, more research on food processing methods is still needed in the future to promote the inclusion of dietary guidelines in healthy food processing methods
.

REF:[1] Gao J, Guo X, Wei W, et al.
The Association of Fried Meat Consumption With the Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites and Its Impact on Glucose Homoeostasis, Intestinal Endotoxin Levels, and Systemic Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial.
Diabetes Care.
2021 Jul 12:dc210099.
doi: 10.
2337/dc21-0099.
[2] Qi L.
Fried Foods, Gut Microbiota, and Glucose Metabolism.
Diabetes Care.
2021 Aug 20:dci210033.
doi: 10.
2337/dci21- 0033.
[3] Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents.
Avaliable via http://dg.
cnsoc.
org/index.
html on 2021-09-02.
2 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, the field of chronic diseases is broadly regulated.
If you want to reduce the risk of diabetes, you may wish to try Linoleic acid polyunsaturated fatty acid refers to a lipid molecule containing two or more double bonds in the carbon chain.
Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid that may help improve blood lipids, insulin resistance and blood sugar
.

However, the relationship between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of diabetes has been inconclusive
.

A recent study published in Diabetes Care summarized previous studies on dietary linoleic acid and its biomarkers and the risk of T2DM in the general population, trying to determine whether dietary linoleic acid is beneficial in preventing diabetes
.

 Figure 2.
1 The study was published in Diabetes Care.
This study from Tehran Medical University in Iran included data from 31 prospective cohort studies.
Among the 297,685 participants who underwent dietary intake assessment, 22,639 were diabetic patients; Of the 84,171 participants tested by the marker, 18,458 had diabetes
.

 The results showed that high intake of linoleic acid can reduce the risk of T2DM by 6% (RR 0.
94, 95% CI 0.
90-0.
99)
.

In the dose-response analysis, for every 5% increase in the proportion of linoleic acid intake in total energy intake, the corresponding risk of T2DM was reduced by 10% (RR 0.
90, 95% CI 0.
84-0.
98)
.

In addition, there is evidence that there is a linear relationship between linoleic acid intake and the risk of diabetes, with the lowest risk when the intake is highest
.

For every 1 standard deviation increase in the level of linoleic acid in the human body, the corresponding T2DM risk is reduced by 17% (RR 0.
83, 95% CI 0.
81-0.
95).
For every 1 standard deviation increase in the adipose tissue/blood level, corresponding The risk of T2DM was reduced by 15% (RR 0.
85, 95% CI 0.
80-0.
90)
.

 Figure 2.
2 Dietary intake of linoleic acid is related to the decrease in the risk of T2DM Figure 2.
3 Increased linoleic acid levels in the body reduce the risk of T2DM Studies have shown that large amounts of linoleic acid in the diet and increased linoleic acid levels in the body will reduce the risk of T2DM Risk (The main sources of linoleic acid in the daily diet are vegetable oils and nuts)
.

However, the American Diabetes Association has not clearly emphasized the role of linoleic acid in preventing diabetes
.

REF:[1] Mousavi SM, Jalilpiran Y, Karimi E, et al.
Dietary Intake of Linoleic Acid, Its Concentrations, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Diabetes Care.
2021 Aug 20:dc210438.
doi: 10.
2337/dc21-0438.
[2] Schulze MB.
Dietary Linoleic Acid: Will Modifying Dietary Fat Quality Reduce the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes? Diabetes Care.
2021 Aug 20:dci210031.
doi: 10.
2337/dci21-0031.
3 Depression and diabetes are inseparable, unhappy, high blood sugar, high blood sugar, unhappy depression and diabetes are one of the main causes of disability worldwide
.

 According to the latest research data, 264 million people worldwide suffer from depression and 476 million people suffer from diabetes.
These two diseases often occur at the same time and have a two-way relationship
.

A recent review published in Diabet Med analyzed the relationship between depression and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels
.

 Figure 3.
1 The study was published in Diabet Med.
This review from the European Diabetes and Depression Research Consortium included a total of 26 studies into the systematic review, and finally 11 studies were selected into the meta-analysis, of which 6 studies evaluated self-reported depressive symptoms and HbA1c Longitudinal association between the study, the total sample size of the study is 3683 people, follow-up time is 6 months to 5 years
.

It was found that a higher level of baseline depressive symptoms was associated with a higher level of HbA1c (rp 0.
07, 95% CI 0.
03-0.
12)
.

The mechanism of depression leading to hyperglycemia may be mainly related to the patient’s behavior.
A severely depressive state may prevent the patient from achieving good diabetes self-management, resulting in increased blood sugar, and depression may also make people not want to see a doctor or exercise.
, Choose unhealthy food more often, which may lead to increased blood sugar
.

At the same time, drugs to treat depression can also increase the risk of obesity, and indirectly negatively affect blood sugar
.

 Figure 3.
2 Depression is associated with elevated HbA1c.
Five other studies analyzed the inverse longitudinal association between HbA1c and major depression or depressive symptoms
.

The total sample size of these studies is 45,110 people, and the follow-up time for the studies is 6 months to 3 years
.

It was found that a higher baseline HbA1c level was also associated with an 18% increase in the risk of depression (OR 1.
18, 95% CI 1.
12-1.
25)
.

Long-term hyperglycemia may affect the glucose level of brain neurons, induce oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, brain atrophy, and ultimately lead to depression
.

At the same time, hyperglycemia may also increase the risk of depression by increasing cortisol levels, inflammation levels, reducing brain-derived neurotrophic factors, and increasing cerebral vascular damage
.

For diabetics, getting sick may also lead to negative behaviors and emotional reactions
.

 Figure 3.
3 Elevation of HbA1c is related to depression.
This review summarizes all current relevant studies and believes that there is a two-way longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and HbA1c levels
.

However, currently the number of studies that can be included in the meta-analysis is limited, and the number of effects observed in the meta-analysis is also very small
.

Therefore, this conclusion still needs a large-scale longitudinal study to confirm this association
.

 The researchers pointed out that this meta-analysis is the first step to explore the relationship between depression and HbA1c
.

Future research should investigate the role of diabetes types and depression, diabetic distress, and diabetes self-management behaviors
.

 REF: Beran M, Muzambi R, Geraets A, et al.
European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium.
The bidirectional longitudinal association between depressive symptoms and HbA1c: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Diabet Med.
2021 Aug 18:e14671 .
doi: 10.
1111/dme.
14671.