Effect of temperature on photosynthetic rate

Photosynthesis is the transformation of light, water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar Most plants rely on photosynthesis to provide sugar for growth and energy The photosynthetic rate is greatly affected by temperature Most plants can grow well in a certain temperature range, and will stop photosynthesis completely when the temperature exceeds this range Because plants can't search for food to get energy, they can only absorb nutrients through roots, chlorophyll and stomata in situ Stomata are the pores that absorb carbon dioxide, which are located under the leaves; chlorophyll is the green color of plants, which allows plants to absorb light energy; and roots of plants absorb water from the soil Photosynthesis is divided into two stages: the first stage is called light dependent stage This stage produces oxygen, and light energy is stored as chemical energy with the help of enzymes The second stage is called photoindependence, in which enzymes turn carbon dioxide and the chemical energy produced in the first stage into sugar Enzymes are proteins that accelerate chemical reactions To function, enzymes must interact with molecules The higher the temperature, the faster the molecules move, the more energy This movement and increase in energy results in more molecules colliding with the enzyme and thus increases the reaction rate Similarly, lower temperatures slow down the movement of molecules This reduces collisions and the rate of reaction Because photosynthesis depends on a variety of enzymes, the higher the temperature, the higher the photosynthetic rate The optimum temperature for photosynthesis is 25-35 ℃ Too high temperature will lead to denaturation of enzyme Denaturing enzymes lose their chemical structure and no longer function Light intensity, temperature and carbon dioxide concentration are all limiting factors A limiting factor is a variable that controls the activity or growth of an organism Any deficiency of these major factors will become a limiting factor and reduce the photosynthetic rate How much the rate of photosynthesis decreases depends on specific constraints and the conditions under which the plant adapts For example, 13 degrees Celsius is a limiting factor for many citrus trees because they prefer 27 degrees Celsius On the other hand, cauliflower and other plants suitable for cool weather, the ideal temperature is 13 ℃ In this case, carbon dioxide or light becomes a potential limiting factor Thermal stress is a function of temperature, duration of temperature and rate of temperature increase High temperature is related to high thermal stress of plants The American Horticultural association has designed a map of the hot areas, which is divided into 12 areas, and plants adapted to these hot areas In cold climates, the U.S Department of agriculture has designed a durability map that shows the lowest temperature at which a plant can survive across 10 zones The survival of plants in different temperature environments depends on their moderate exposure to weather, photosynthesis and other processes For example, some desert adapted plants have smaller or narrower leaves This helps heat exchange between the leaves and the air, preventing plant temperatures from rising to lethal levels.