End of 2020: Cancer immunotherapy's heavyweight research findings read!

-cell: New cancer immunotherapy based on nanobiological technology may promise a complete cure for cancer doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09. In a study published in the international journal Cell, scientists from Mount Sinai Hospital and others made significant progress in the development of new cancer immunotherapy by pairing nano-bio-micromaterials with therapeutic ingredients produced by bioengineering natural molecules and then training the body's congenital immune system to destroy tumor cells.
researchers say the nanobiological immunotherapy targets the bone marrow, where part of the immune system forms, and activates the body's trained immunity, a process that reprograms bone marrow pregenitor cells to produce trained congenital immune cells that inhibit cancer progression, and cancer cells often protect themselves from the host immune system with the help of the body's immunosuppressive cells.
researchers believe that trained immunity can be safely and successfully used as a cancer treatment, and that they have been tested in animal models, including melanoma mouse models, and are now actively moving toward clinical trials.
Photo Source: William Vermi/Martina Molgora 6: Blocking the function of special proteins or promising to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy to enhance the ability to remove drug-resistant cancer cells Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.013 Immunotherapy can attack cancer cells by stimulating the patient's own immune system, thus enabling some cancer patients to develop disease quickly In complete remission, the therapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients, but in reality it can only treat less than a quarter of patients because tumors are so cunning that they can effectively evade attacks by the host immune system, and scientists from the University of Washington School of Medicine and others recently found that blocking the function of a protein called TREM2 or enhancing the therapeutic effects of standard immunotherapy drugs could lead to the complete elimination of tumors The findings may hopefully provide more cancer patients with a potential new way to unleash the power of immunotherapy. 'Essentially, we've found a new tool that enhances tumor immunotherapy, which reduces the growth of specific tumors when used alone against antibodies to the TREM2 protein, but when combined with immunotherapy drugs, we can see a complete rejection of tumors,' said
researcher Marco Colonna. Some anti-TREM2 antibodies are already in clinical trials for the treatment of other diseases, so researchers must also study animal models to confirm these results, and if they do work, later researchers will conduct further clinical trials because some antibodies are currently available.
: Identifying new T-cell immunotherapy targets promises to help develop new treatments to fight cancer and autoimmune diseases doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2246-4, a study published in the international journal Nature entitled "CRISPR screen in regulatory T cells reveals modul In the study, scientists from the University of California and other institutions said foxp3, one of the key transcription factors that control the development and function of Treg cells ( regulatory T cells ) , is an important advance in Treg immunobiology and opens a door for scientists to learn more about the function and mechanism of Action .
Treg cells are the key cells needed to control the body's immune response and maintain the body's balance, and they are also an important barrier to the body's anti-tumor immunity. Lack of and access to inflammatory properties; a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the pathfractors that regulate Foxp3 factors may help researchers develop more effective Treg therapies to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases and cancers, and the use of new functional genetic tools can systematically analyze gene regulators that regulate Foxp3 expression.
: Gasdermin E-mediated cell coke death is a new anti-cancer immunotherapy doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2071-9 - Tumors have found various ways to prevent the immune system from attacking them.
as far as medicine itself is concerned, it has fought back with cancer immunotherapy.
is to use checkpoint inhibitors, which help the immune system identify foreign cancer cells.
another way, CAR T cell therapy, directly transforms people's T-cells to effectively identify cancer cells and kill them.
not all patients benefit from these methods, which apply only to a small number of cancer types, and CAR T cell therapy is highly risky.
new study, published in the journal Nature by researchers at Boston Children's Hospital, adds another strategy to the "weapons factory" that could play a role in more types of cancer.
it can reactivate a gene called gasdermin E, which attacks cancer cells with the immune response we already have, but is suppressed in many cancers.
Gasdermin E is a very effective tumor suppressor gene, but in most tumor tissues it either doesn't express or mutates, and when you reactivate Gasdermin E in the tumor, it transforms a 'cold' tumor that the immune system can't recognize into a 'hot' tumor that the immune system can control, the researchers said.
9 Science: Building the first human thymus cell map to reveal the origins of the human immune system opens the door to the development of new cancer immunotherapy doi:10.1126/science.aay3224 the first cell map of the human thymus may lead to new immunotherapy to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Now, in a new study, researchers from research institutions such as the University of Newcastle in the UK, the Welcombe Foundation Sanger Institute and the University of Ghant in Belgium have mapped thymus tissue through its lifetime to understand how it develops and produces important immune cells called T-cells.
, this information could help scientists build artificial thymus and design improved therapeutic T-cells.
study was published in the journal Science.
human thymus map reveals new cell types and identifies signals that indicate how immature immune cells develop into T-cells.
could also help scientists understand diseases that affect T-cell development, such as severe comprehensive immunodeficiency (SCID), and add them to the Human Cell Atlas program being built.
thymus is located in the chest