Eur Heart J: First comparison: The health of cigarettes, e-cigarettes and shisha, especially cardiovascular

Smoking is a major cause of noncommunicable diseases worldwide and a major risk factor forvasculardisease (CVD) and lung diseaseIn recent years, e-cigarettes have become increasingly popular as an emerging product, especially among the younger generationHowever, compared with traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes are quite controversialRecently, researchers in Germany for the first time compared the health and cardiovascular harm severity of cigarettes, e-cigarettes and shishaCurrently, six of the world's top eight causes of death are related to smokingTobacco epidemics are one of the greatest threats to public health and are the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and deathRecently, researchers in Germany for the first time compared cigarettes, e-cigarettes and water smoke to human health and cardiovascular harm, and found that cigarettes, e-cigarettes and shisha will harden the arteries, causing inflammation and damage to DNA, thereby causing a variety of health problemsthe study, led by Professor Thomas M?nzel of the Department of Cardiology at the University of Mainz Medical Center in Germany, published june 25 in the European Journal of The HeartIn the study, "Effects of tobacco," e-cigarettes, and waterpipe smoking on endothelial function and clinicals outcome"In the study, scientists first explored the effects of cigarettes, e-cigarettes and shisha on human health and the function of endothelial cells in blood vesselsThe available evidence of harmful chemicals produced by smoking and the mechanisms by which smoking affects the body are reviewedThe researchers also compared the effects of three types of smoke on diseases such as stroke, heart disease and lung cancerprevious studies have shown that smoking can cause endothelial dysfunction and vascular damageLong-term exposure to tobacco smoke can damage acetylcholine-dependent blood vessel diastolic and coronary artery blood flow, which is associated with elevated blood plasma cholesterol Overall, cigarettes are more harmful than e-cigarettes, the team found However, there is insufficient data on the effects of shisha and e-cigarettes on endothelial dysfunction The long-term effects of shisha and e-cigarettes need to be studied more deeply, the researchers said At the same time, they write, "the health smoke is no less harmful than cigarettes, so it cannot be considered a healthy alternative." the effects of three types of smoke on human endothelial function and the of antioxidant intervention
the chronic and acute effects of three types of smoke on the endothelial function of animals
researchers reviewed a series of studies that provided evidence of the harmfulness of the three types of smoke Cigarettes increased the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by 704 percent, shisha by 218 percent and e-cigarettes by 194 percent, and cigarettes and shisha increased the risk of lung cancer by 1210 percent and 122 percent, respectively, compared to non-smokers they also studied the effects of three types of smoke on atherosclerosis, an important prognostice indicator of heart disease and stroke risk Cigarettes increased the risk of atherosclerosis by 10%, with a 9% increase in shisha and 7% increase in e-cigarettes compared to non-smokers "Our review focused on the adverse effects of these three types of smoke on endothelial dysfunction, as well as the association with oxidative stress, and to clinical diseases," said professor Thomas M?nzel of the Department of Cardiology at the University of Mainz Medical Center in Germany, All three smokes lead to an increase in oxygen free radicals (such as hyperoxygen) in vascular tissue This breaks down nitric oxide released by endothelial cells, which is important to help blood vessels dilate, prevent inflammation and blockage of arteries "
the mechanism of smoking on endothelial function
researchers say the main toxic chemicals in e-cigarette vapor include formaldehyde and acryform, as well as trace-and-scale transition metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which damage cells Cigarettes and shisha, by contrast, contain more complex harmful chemicals The smoke contains solid particles, mainly from the charcoal that burns tobacco, and the low concentration of solid particles in cigarette smoke All three types of smoke have nicotine, which is addictive and harmful the of toxic compounds in three types of smoke
"The overlap of these different toxic compounds may be key to understanding the harmful health effects of smoking, which requires further research in the future," said Professor M?nzel The also looked at the effects of smoking on the of COVID-19 infection In it, they wrote: "As outlined by the World Health Organization, cigarettes and shisha may cause increased symptoms of COVID-19, including more serious consequences such as intensive care and the need for mechanical ventilation." "There is no doubt that quitting smoking remains the most effective way to prevent cardiovascular and respiratory diseases caused by smoking, " they concluded This may be even more important in view of the COVID-19 pandemic, as the use of tobacco products may increase the risk of COVID-19-related cardiovascular and other serious complications in smokers "Although e-cigarettes appear to be less harmful than cigarettes, there is growing evidence that e-cigarettes may also have side effects on the lungs, heart and blood vessels, and that the use of e-cigarettes may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection," said Professor "