Food peptides - a source of high-quality protein nutrients

Through the enzymatic action in the body, in vitro or food processing, peptides hidden in the food protein sequence in a potential state can be released to obtain a variety of active peptides with biological functions or physiological effects, these peptides have a wide range of physiological regulation functions in addition to nutritional functions, such as lowering blood pressure, opioid activity, anti-thrombosis, promoting immunity and promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and the digestion and absorption performance in the body is significantly better than that of individual amino acids. A variety of bioactive peptides have been isolated from the enzymes or fermentation products of various milk proteins, soy proteins, corn proteins, fish shellfish proteins, collagen and other food proteins.latest "functional factor""peptide belongs to the protein family, is currently on the market concept of the latest health care, anti-aging, skin care and beauty, nutrition adjustment products in the 'functional factor'." "Wuhan Tian Tian good biological products Co. , Ltd. basic research director said. In recent years, with the research on the mechanism of action, physiological effect and preparation method of bioactive peptides, a large number of biologically active peptides have been obtained and identified through proper enzymatic or processing of food proteins, these protein resources are very rich and cheap, the obtained bioactive peptides are cheap and safe, easy to industrial production, more and more scientists and governments concerned, so the use of food proteins to produce bioactive peptides will have good application prospects.about 20% of
in normal adults
protein, and
3% of
daily protein updates in adults. For example, adults weighing
60 kg
, the body contains
12 kg
protein, at least
360g
protein updates every day, of which the loss rate of about
8%
. The excess nitrogen intake is positive balance, such as when a child is in growth and development, a woman becomes pregnant, a disease recovers, exercise, labor and other blood drugs to increase muscle. Less nitrogen intake than excluded nitrogen is negative balance, such as hunger, disease and old age. In theory, adults who consume about
30g
of protein per day can satisfy nitrogen balance, but healthy adults should maintain a zero nitrogen balance and
5%
. China recommended daily protein intake of
1.16g/(kgd)
, weight
60kg
adults, recommended daily protein intake of about
75g
. Protein is widely found in animal and plant foods, animal protein quality is good, high utilization rate, but at the same time rich in saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, and plant protein utilization rate is low. The difference in composition between peptides and proteins has gradually become of some academic interest, and as the length of peptide segments increases, the boundaries between the two become increasingly blurred from a synthetic and structural point of view, which is in line with the notion that proteins are larger peptides.food peptides are a class of exogenetic peptides, derived from the edible parts of plants and animals, prepared by bioenzyme degradation and transformation. Help people change traditional foods to make them more delicious, nutritious and convenient. In the process of enjoying food, people help the body to improve the resistance to external injuries, balance the rhythm of the body, prevent disease and promote the recovery of injuries and illnesses.the nutritional properties of food peptideseasy to absorb 1953

Agva
first observed that the intestines can completely absorb transported glyphosate;
1984

Hara
noted that most of the digestive products of proteins in the digestive tract tend to be small peptides rather than free amino acids;
1988

Rerat A
noted that peptides absorb faster, carriers are less saturated, and consume less energy than amino acid transport systems. The absorption rate of food-sourced peptides is due to the mother protein.high- function peptides and amino acids have separate absorption mechanisms and do not interfere with each other. Functional peptide absorption system has the characteristics of fast absorption, low energy consumption, not easy to saturate and so on. Many studies have verified that when food-based functional peptides are used as ammonia sources, the body's protein deposition rate is higher than that of synthetic grains composed of corresponding amino acids. When the grain protein is supplied entirely in the form of functional peptides, the absorption rate of lysine is no longer affected by arginine.multi-
found that iron in the form of peptide iron absorbed to reach a specific target tissue, freely through the placenta. Iron sulphate is entered into the bloodstream and is actively transported and combined. Small molecular peptides have the properties of binding to metals to facilitate the storage of
Ca
,
Zn
,
Fe
,
Cu
, etc. in vivo. Helps with vitamin absorption, such as
B12
in the stomach.low-antigen
proteins with antigens usually have a large molecular weight. Animal and plant proteins are enzymatic and their antigen resistance is greatly reduced. If soybean protein is enzymatic, after removing substances such as insoluble protein, the antigen was measured by enzyme immunometrics to reduce the antigen by
0.1% to 1% compared to the original soy protein
Therefore, after consumption will not produce or greatly reduce the allergic reaction caused by soy protein, especially suitable for the production of low antigen infant food.safety
peptides are derived from food-based animal and plant proteins, and toxicological studies of currently developed food-based functional peptides show that they are non-toxic substances.a low-weight permeability
high-permeability inlubility can draw large amounts of water from the small intestine, cause severe diarrhea, even dehydration and damage to electrolyte balance, and can cause nausea, vomiting and bloating. Obviously, the weight permeability of free amino acids
>
protein
>
proteins. Therefore, peptides, as amino acid substitutes for intestinal nutrition, can reduce the osmosis pressure of the final product and reduce its likelihood of causing discomfort, suitable as a nutritional supplement for infants and young children, the elderly and infirm.solubility
/
moisture absorption
one of the most important chemical and chemical properties of food peptides is solubility in the range of large
pH
values, temperature, ion strength, and nitrogen concentration. The increase in solubility and moisture absorption may be due to the decrease in the molecular weight of the hydrolyzed substance and the increased hydromassiveness of the hydrolyzed new ionizing amino and carboxyl groups.