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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > For the first time, mechanically sensitive ion channels are activated by ultrasonic stimulation on neurons.

    For the first time, mechanically sensitive ion channels are activated by ultrasonic stimulation on neurons.

    • Last Update: 2020-08-09
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Recently, Zheng Hairong of the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Li Yuezhou of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, in cooperation, published a research paper entitled "The Sokof control of the neural activity of the moforofa-activation-sensitive channel MscL" in the Journal of Nano Letters.
    the study combined ultrasonic radiation with mechanically sensitive ion channels to activate mechanically sensitive ion channels on neurons for the first time through ultrasound stimulation, which in turn accurately controls neuronal excitability.
    this achievement opens up a new direction of ultrasound in brain science research, and lays the foundation for the further development of ultrasonic genetics technology, which has important theoretical significance and application value.
    the optogenetics technology that has emerged in recent years has been described as the most striking innovation in the field of neuroscience in the 21st century, and has been widely used in model organisms such as monkeys, mice, fruit flies and nematodes.
    its main principle is to use gene manipulation technology to transfer the bacteria's light-sensitive protein into a specific type of neurons to express, and through different wavelengths of light to stimulate light-sensitive proteins, resulting in changes in the membrane potential on both sides of the cell membrane, to achieve the purpose of selective excitement or inhibition of cells.
    But in mammals, optogenetics requires craniofacial surgery to introduce specific wavelengths of light into the brain, which is traumatic and limits their use in living organisms.
    , more and more researchers are turning to injury-free methods, such as ultrasound, which can penetrate deep into the brain or other tissues without damage, and be precisely located through focus.
    because of the cell's limited response to ultrasound, in order to achieve the goal of accurately controlling neurons through ultrasound, it is necessary to find a medium that can respond well to ultrasonic stimulation, but also express and give neurons sensitive ultrasound sensitivity.
    considering the mechanical effects of ultrasound, mechanically sensitive ion channels are a good choice.
    mechanicalsensitive ion channel is a new type of ion channel found in recent years, different from the traditional voltage sensitivity, as well as ligand gated type ion channel, it feels the change of membrane tension caused by cell shape change and other ways to open up, causing the cell internal and external ion cross-membrane transport, participate in the medialing of many life activities, its function is more and more attention.
    Li Yuezhou's team has long been committed to the open mechanism and function of mechanical lysic ion channels, Zheng Hairong's team has mastered the unique ultrasonic radiation nerve regulation technology, in the development of ultrasonic nerve control instruments has accumulated rich experience, the cooperation between the two contributed to the study.
    experiment, the team selected MscL, a mechanically sensitive ion channel from bacteria.
    MscL has the natural advantage of being a nanoswitch.
    it is simple in structure, with only 136 amino acids, easy to express in eukaryotic organisms; it can be activated directly by membrane tension itself and does not require the participation of other components; it opens up to form a huge aperture of about 30 e, permeable and efficient; it does not interact with other proteins and does not interfere with other functions of the cell.
    team first constructed a recombinant MscL gene virus, and then transmitted the MscL channel in the adult-cultured rat neurons through viral infection.
    results show that MscL can be functionally expressed on neurons and sensitive to mechanical stimuli (Figure 2).
    with the support of major scientific research instruments of the Fund Committee, Zheng Hairong's team designed and developed a series of cross-scale ultrasonic nerve control tools (Figure 3).
    ultrasonic radiation nerve stimulation core design based on different main frequency fork finger transducer finger width, shape, number and sound aperture size, through standard micro-sensor processing technology lithography, sputtering fork finger transducer electrode, preparation of micro-sound field adjustable ultrasonic nerve stimulation chip, the production of high-intensity regional sound field and ultrasonic radiation can effectively act on neuronal cells.
    the chip can be compatible with biological means such as calcium imaging and diaphragm clamps, monitoring ultrasonic-induced biological effects in real time, and providing a basis and theoretical basis for the treatment of neurological diseases by ultrasonic nerve regulation.
    the animal ultrasonic nerve stimulation system developed at the same time can carry out non-invasive, dynamic and network-type neural stimulation and regulation of the deep brain nucleus and neural loop.
    the development of this technology and tools can be widely used in the research of brain diseases, basic research in neuroscience and related fields.
    the results of this study lay the foundation for the follow-up living ultrasound genetics, and is expected to further develop multi-faceted, multi-focus deep brain stimulation ultrasound control instrument to resolve the neural loop, and Parkinson's disease, depression and other brain diseases to provide new research, and even effective new tools for treatment.
    , Dr. Ye Jia, Tang Siyang, and Meng Long, associate researcher of Shenzhen Advanced University, are the first authors of the paper, and Zheng Hairong and Li Yuezhou are the communication authors of the paper.
    also participated in the work of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Professor Duan Shumin, Hu Haixuan, Li Xiangxuan, Zhejiang University affiliated Children's Hospital President Shu Qiang, Professor Jiang Mifoot, Shang Shiqiang, Shenzhen Advanced Hospital Associate Researcher Niu Lili, researcher Qiu Weibao.
    the study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81527901, 11534013, 31270878), the Ministry of Science and Technology "973" program (2014 CB910302) and other projects.
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