Gene location reveals the molecular mechanism of osCNGC9 gene influencing the resistance of rice pestilence in rice seedlings.

There is defense with attack, and the war in the plant world, like the human war, has accumulated a wealth of combat experience in the evolution of hundreds of millions of years.
how does it motivate its immune system to start fighting? In the face of the pressure of rice plague bacteria, who is the sentinel? How do they pass on military intelligence against aggression after they find out about the enemy? What tactics does rice use to combat it? After 8 years of in-depth study, the team of Wan Jianmin academicians of Nanjing Agricultural University successfully cloned OsCNGC9, a new gene that regulates innate immunity in rice, revealed the molecular mechanism of the gene that affects the resistance of rice disease in the rice seedling period, and discovered the intrinsic nature of rice's immune system to fight rice plague by relying on calcium ion channels to lift the rice plague.
, the results of the research were published online in Cell Research, an international lymicor.
beauty pageant experts selected an ugly guy when they saw 8 rice leaves appeared brown necrosis spots, just like the old spot, Nanjing Agricultural University associate researcher Liu Xi frowned, "ugly to."
as a breeding expert, he is in the beauty pageant, like the "stick green seed yellow" good-looking rice, these plants are certainly to be eliminated.
he didn't expect that the eight diseased sons, like rice-infected disease, would become the most important scientific discovery of his time, opening a new milestone in rice research.
it was a day in March 2011, when he inspected more than 100,000 of his men, more than 100,000 rice plants, at a breeding base in Hainan.
like a farmer, Liu Xi's face is tanned, in order to speed up the breeding progress, he like migratory birds, winter in Hainan, summer in Nanjing to cultivate rice.
Liu Xi planted more than 10 mu of rice in Hainan, his rice material is too much, there are 34,000 different kinds of breeding materials, a material to plant 40 seedlings, every day in the field observation, photography, record.
he remembers the name number and look of each rice, and he visits each rice at least four times a month.
these eight plants are nothing, three or four thousand rice seeds can only be selected a few varieties, breeding promotion.
a few days later, he saw the eight ugly guys again.
"old spots" are spreading, and they are poor lying and a little short.
he decided to wait a little longer to see.
a month later, the eight ugly guys' "old spots" continued to expand, but they did not die, and like other normal rice, they bore fruit, albeit slightly thin. What causes these eight rice plants to grow so ugly in
? Looking at the handsome companions next to the ugly guys, Liu Xi fell in deep thought and began to focus on them.
to the harvest, he alone harvest these eight ugly guys, back to Nanjing to continue to plant.
planted this generation in Nanjing, ugly guy is not obvious.
Liu Xi is not discouraged, it seems that this guy is a single eyelid-like recessive gene control.
he decided to continue planting and see what the ugly guy was like.
has planted two generations in a row, in the continuous self-pure combination, the ugly guy's "ugly" finally stable down, continuous emergence of "old spot" and other characteristics, and the first generation, although very ugly, but also can survive, and can breed.
early 2013, Liu Xi reported it to Wan Jianmin as a new mutant material.
Wan Jianmin academician decided to start research as a project.
genetic location to identify the disease hero, the project was handed over to a 23-year-old Maotou young man, Wang Jiachang, who was studying for a master's degree at Nanjing Agricultural University. Professor Wang Yihua, the
instructor, told him that the project would not be a problem to graduate, but what kind of discovery can be made depends on yourself.
Wang Jiachang didn't expect the project to be a big success.
his intention at the time was to get a good job as long as the Ph.D. graduated successfully.
got this special rice material, Wang Jiachang began to use genetics, molecular biology means to analyze it in detail.
from the performance of growing in the fields, the ugly guy began to become ugly after the rice spike - in childhood, ugly guy is not ugly, like normal rice.
through genetic analysis, Liu Xi found that the ugly guy and normal companion hybrid second generation, a quarter of the ugly guy's phenotype appeared.
judging by Mendel's genetic law, it is a recessive genetic gene that controls the ugliness, as Liu Xi had previously speculated.
do gene localization first.
Wang Jiachang and Liu Xi compared the ugly guy's 12 chromosomes with normal varieties, screening them one by one to see which gene had mutated.
scientific research work is very boring.
rice genes have more than 30,000, Wang Jiachang and Liu Xi according to the chromosome's door number - molecular markers, finally found on the ninth chromosome of a different-looking chromosome fragments.
get the clip, the two began to go into the house to touch the row, genetic sequencing, looking for this hidden deep cause of ugly guy "ugly" behind the murderer.
they used biochemical analysis to find that a normal gene of the ugly guy was seriously damaged and lost its function! According to the characteristics of this normal gene, according to the biological circle's name law, they gave the gene a name - OsCNGC9 (A-nine).
organisms, ion channels are like a city gate, manned, all kinds of ions can be used through a dedicated channel to go where they want to go.
they found that calcium ions prefer to walk through the gates of the city.
Wang Jiachang is a little confused: calcium ions, A nine and ugly guys of all kinds of "ugly" between the relationship between? Which direction should you study? He began to consult all kinds of literature.
for two years, he has been groping: What affects the fertility of rice? Or is it causing rice to age? What else could affect the high characteristics of its strain? What does there matter between the phenotypes such as "old spot", short ness and fewer children? Two years have passed, several research directions of concern have not been very good results, Wang Jiachang is very anxious.
in the second half of 2015, when he read the literature, he found that a large number of calcium ions in the plant disease resistance process to pass defensive information in the cell, calcium ions are recognized as the second messenger (the first messenger is plant hormones - reporter's note), but the "communicator" calcium ions from which channel came in has been the field of plant disease resistance scientists curious.
the "age spot" in this ugly guy is a manifestation of the driving function of many important immune genes.
is Akyu affecting the transmission of intelligence? Is it on duty calcium ion channel? Rice pestilence is the cancer of rice, the attack on rice casualties, light yield reduced by 20%, heavy particles no harvest. According to the
Ministry of Agriculture, in recent years, rice pestilence has caused more than 3 billion kilograms of food loss to our country each year, and the world's annual loss of food can feed 60 million people a year.
when he proposed the research direction of rice plague, the tutor, Academician Wan, was very interested and gave him some advice to support his continued research.
combined with years of field observation, Liu Xi also supports this direction.
Wang Jiachang first analyzed whether A-Kyu has the resistance to rice plague.
in order to avoid the "older spot" and other factors on the impact of rice plague resistance analysis, they chose to the ugly ugly guy has not yet become ugly resistance analysis, found that it is very disease-resistant, low immunity, A nine and calcium ions are closely related.
the heroic feat of the anti-disease hero needs to be studied is: A nine watch the "city gate" is not a special channel for calcium ions? Determining this conclusion requires electrophysiological experiments in animal cells.
an interdisciplinary research problem lay before them, Wang Jiachang has been studying plants, suddenly transferred to the field of zoology, feel blind.
at this time, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology for his help, the transformation of A-nine into human embryonic kidney cells: If A-nine is guarding the calcium ion channel, then after the voltage applied inside and outside the cell, there will be a clear current formed by calcium ions.
the results of the experiment as expected, when the voltage is applied to -200 mV, the current value reached -100 pA, confirming that A-kyu is a dedicated channel for calcium ions.
in the plant disease resistance process, calcium ions also go this channel? After a series of physiological and biochemical experimental analysis found that, because of the "sacrifice" of A nine, no one opened the city door, calcium ion channel lost function, "communication soldiers" calcium ions can not enter the city to transmit military information, resulting in lax defenses in the city, no one should fight.
researchers found that the ugly guy's other immune indicators were lower than normal rice.
this shows that A-Kyu is on duty dedicated military intelligence channel "intelligence officer", they give it a formal name - ring nucleotide ion channel 9.
at this time there is another question in their minds, "communication soldiers" calcium ions into the city to pass military information, who went to the "intelligence officer" A nine report, so that "communication soldiers" calcium ions successfully assembled in the city, sound the alarm to start the immune response? Through a series of biochemical experiments, they found another gene to regulate disease resistance osRLCK185 (referred to as "A v"), when the "sentinel" A five found the signal of invasion of foreign enemies, hastened to report to the "intelligence officer" A nine, A nine open "city gate", let the "communication soldier" calcium ions to the cell assembly, rice center to start immune response, enhance rice resistance.
a battle is gradually forming in the researcher's mind.
in the rice and rice plague bacteria fight, "intelligence officer" Aix played a vital role.
article communication author Wan Jianmin academician gave reporters a vivid metaphor, this series of processes like a "attack and defense battle."
researchers have only seen "communications soldiers" before, and little is known about how previous "intelligence officers" and "sentry" work.
this experiment opens up a new field of research, through the discovery of the calcium ion channel through the new gene, which is an immune signal transmission channel from pathogen identification to calcium channel activation, reveals the role of the new gene (OsCNGC9) in calcium ion elevation and rice resistance, and provides an important material and theoretical basis for rice anti-rice plague breeding.
to study whether the disease-resistant hero A-Kyu has the potential to improve the resistance of rice plague.
the researchers used genetically modified methods to verify this.
transferred disease-resistant hero A jiu to normal rice varieties to observe changes in disease resistance.
" is actually adding an additional part of the disease-resistant gene to the rice cells, which is equivalent to adding several more dedicated military transmission channels.
," Wang explained.
the next step is for cells containing new genes to continue to differentiate, grow rice seedlings, inoculate rice seedlings against rice plague bacteria, and observe its growth and change.
the experimental verification, the new gene can significantly improve the disease resistance of rice, the difference between statistical analysis of data is very significant. Professor Jiang Ling, an assistant to
Wan Jianmin, said the project is cross-platform and supported by the Institute of Crop Science saline of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology of the Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
the scientific community is highly concerned about the results of the "calcium ion channel" research.
Wan Jianmin believes that this achievement provides an important material and theoretical basis for rice rice anti-rice pestilence breeding.
co-author, Dr. Wang Jiachang of Nanjing Agricultural University, told reporters that he would continue to study the function of calcium ion channels in plants, "this project has changed my life planning."
" China Youth Daily China Youth Network reporter Li Runwen correspondent Xu Tianying Source: China Youth Daily.