Genetically modified methods are commonly used.

direct injection
injects a solution containing
DNA
directly into the muscles to cause neighboring cells to ingest DNA swallows for expression, and in muscle cells,
gene
expression can last for months.Calcium phosphate co-precipitation method
the calcium chloride, DNA and phosphate buffer are mixed to form a micro-precipitation of calcium phosphate, attached to the cell membrane and swallowed through the cell is resistant to cytocytes. The conversion efficiency of this method is usually very low.lipid body dystynction
refers to the physical ability to provide in vivo or in vitro carriers carrying exogenous genetic material into cells. The greatest advantage of liposome-mediated gene transfer is that it can be applied in the living body.gene transfer mediated by the
relies on the in-cell swallowing pathways mediated by the subject to transfer the exogenetic gene. The gene transfer method mediated by the subject is to form a complex between the proton DNA and a specific
peptide
(ligand), which can be identified by the fertilizer on the cell surface. If DNA is transported to the liver in the body, DNA and desalinate
protein
, which bind specificly to liver cellular ligands, can be selected to be ingested through the intracellular swallowing process, most of which is ingested by the liver. The expression duration of the foreign gene transferred by this method in the living body is short, and there are still some problems in the pre-evaluation of practical application.microscopic injection method
in the
microscope
, the DNA is connected to the cell by the same cell glass needle, this method is suitable for a variety of
crowding
growth cells, but requires a certain amount of equipment and operational support.electro-perforation method
using pulsed field to import DNA into cultured cells.particle bombardment method (gene gun) is a
method that has developed rapidly in recent years. Use high-energy particle bombardment to import DNA into cells or live mammalian
in
tissue. Tungsten and gold from sub-particles spontaneously absorb DNA, strengthening these micro-bombs to bombard cells at a very high speed. Experimental results show that the target gene can be expressed in cells such as skin, muscles, liver, pancreas, stomach and breast.Embryonics
Stem Cells
Method
embryonic stem cells are non-differentiated and multi-potential reproductive cells that begin to divide from fertilized eggs to four countries and can be cultured in-body and can be used as frontal cells to prepare genetically modified animals for research on gene orientation integration or gene selection and gene and energy.sperm carrier method
recently found that sperm and NDA-agent incubation can be used to capture DNA. Through the fertilization process, the extroverted gene is imported into the fertilized egg, and the obtainables can be obtained, which greatly chemicalizes the preparation process of genetically modified animals..