Genetically modified to stop mosquitoes from biting?

Mosquitoes are the world's most killed animals because of the spread of a variety of infectious diseases.
bill Gates revealed in his blog that mosquitoes kill about 725,000 people a year, and the BBC has revealed figures of more than 1m a year.
have come up with ways to kill mosquitoes and deal with the plague they bring: spraying insecticides, developing and vaccinating them, sterilization them, turning them into dead genes.
, the U.S. Department of Defense has allocated $500,000 to fund an imaginative research program in which researchers try to genetically alter mosquitoes' blood-sucking preferences to make them prefer the blood of other animals to those of humans.
that is, genetically modified so that mosquitoes do not bite, people and mosquitoes coexist.
hope to use such mosquitoes to fight the spread of dengue fever, malaria, yellow fever and other diseases in nature, killing countless mosquitoes.
was published on August 6th on the university's official website, the Mirror reported.
's $500,000 for the first two years, $470,000 for the third year or an additional $470,000, according to two University of Nevada researchers, Andrew Nuss and Dennis Mathew, received $500,000 from the Defense Advanced Research Program (DARPA), a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense.
they plan to look for key genes that determine whether mosquitoes prefer to bite people rather than other animals, and then genetically modifie them to produce "no-bite" mosquitoes.
.5 million in research grants will cover research in the first two years of the program, followed by an additional $470,000 in research grants to extend research for one year.
is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences at the University of Nevada.
previously earned a bachelor's degree in entomology from Purdue University and then a doctorate from the University of Georgia.
is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Nevada.
bachelor's degree in microbiology and biochemistry from Mumbai, India, followed by a doctorate in the United States.
, he studied how fruit flies input their sense of smell into behavioral output.
olfactory system is an important weapon for mosquitoes to find their prey.
Matthew intend to start here.
they want to find recepor proteins in the mosquito's olfactory system that identify and prefer human "smells" and then put their hands and feet on them, " he said.
to change mosquitoes' preference for "prey" by altering the genes that encode these proteins.
, they are looking for suitable targets through bioinserics.
a gene that makes mosquitoes vampires, began the experiment in 2013 with Leslie B. Vosshall, a researcher at the Howard Hughes Medical Research Institute (HHMI) and a professor at Rockefeller University.
According to HHMI's website, on May 29, 2013, Professor Vossal's team published a paper in Nature, the world's leading academic journal, saying that their work on the mosquito genome was enough to alter the mosquito's preference for choosing its prey: mosquitoes with the Orco gene mutation no longer preferred humans.
, mosquitoes with this genetic mutation are no longer afraid of the air's anti-mosquito liquid mosquito repellent (DEET), and only run away when exposed to the reagent.
researchers believe this suggests that anti-mosquito amines play a mosquito-proof role and can be divided into two stages: volatile components in the air and exposure.
, Professor Vossard's team discovered the importance of the Orco gene, but in fruit flies, by genetic knockout.
November 2014, a team led by Professor Vossal published a paper in Nature reporting on another gene, AaegOr4, which is highly human-blood-related to the Aedes aegypti mosquito, a type of mosquito.
the receptone protein encoded by the gene, highly affinity methylene ketone gas molecules.
number of methylene ketone gas molecules in human body odor is four times higher than that of chickens, horses, cows and sheep.
millions of insects live around the world, but only about 100 use human blood, and studies by Professor Vossal and others have shown that the AaegOr4 gene turns mosquitoes into "vampires," science's official website reported.
but researchers say there may be other genes involved in determining mosquito bloodthirsty blood.
as many as hundreds of odor recepor proteins in the mosquito's olfactory system, while fruit fly larvae have only 21 odor recepctor proteins, as well as 21 pairs of related neurons.
about 400 odor receptensor proteins and about 10 million odor-related neurons.
sterilization or early death in order to fight mosquito-borne diseases, people rack their brains.
to try to develop non-bite mosquitoes, researchers are also trying to sterilization them or to eeries them with "lethal genes," the researchers said.
a "mosquito factory" at Sun Yat-sen University, Michigan State University's Joint Research Center for Tropical Vector Control.
in the factory, they breed male mosquitoes, infect them with the bacteria Wolbaches, and then release them.
male mosquitoes do not bite, Wolbach's body allows female mosquitoes to "sterilize": it allows the eggs produced by female mosquitoes to hatch.
as a result, there are fewer mosquitoes and their chances of spreading disease are reduced.
another approach, the "lethal gene," has been used by Oxitec, a BRITISH-based biology company, to help reduce mosquitoes.
they were also male mosquitoes in Florida, Brazil, Mexico, France, India, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and other places.
the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were inserted into their bodies with a self-limiting gene tTAV (a variant of the tyrocyctin inhibitory transactivation).
that when these mosquitoes have tyrone in their food, they can survive.
once released into the wild, these genetically modified male mosquitoes and their offspring will suffer from a lack of tyrocyctin, which causes abnormal gene expression and eventually death.
young mosquitoes die before "adulthood".
Change of taste, mosquito control is not prone to "drug resistance" According to a BBC report in January 2016, more than 3,500 species of mosquitoes are known worldwide, the vast majority of which depend on plants or nectar for their lives, and only 6% of female mosquitoes use human blood, but more than 1 million people die each year from malaria, dengue and yellow fever.
most dangerous mosquitoes in the country include the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the Aedes aegypti mosquito and the Gambian mosquito.
In order to contain these infectious diseases, people spray insecticides, but a common problem is that some insecticides are often only used for a period of time, insecticidal effect is good, and then mosquitoes began to develop resistance, drug resistance and other problems.
but changing the way mosquitoes are bloodthirsty may change.
and others believe that compared with ordinary insecticides, this way of "changing taste" to mosquitoes is not easy to produce resistance.
because mosquitoes can suck blood from other animals, they face less "survival pressure."
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