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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Digestive System Information > Gut: In-depth interpretation! Why is the body's intestinal immune response also site-specific?

    Gut: In-depth interpretation! Why is the body's intestinal immune response also site-specific?

    • Last Update: 2020-07-29
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    !---- why chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease affect both small intestine and colon health, while other chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis only affect the colon, and to illustrate these clinical puzzles, a recent study published in the international journal Gut, "Location-specific cell cell objects object sit to GI micro-exposure In a study by scientists from the University of Wuerzburg and others who developed a miniature version of the digestive tract in the laboratory, the researchers found that the digestive tract contained internal segmentation, which may lead scientists to a new understanding of the occurrence of common inflammatory diseasesNow scientists have been able to develop miniature versions of any organ of the body, including the skin, brain and intestines, and these three-dimensional structures are typically produced from stem cells, known as organoidsResearcher Sina Bartfeld said the organ, which is about 0.5 mm in diameter and the size of a mustard, can show striking similarities to real organs, which, despite their small size, are also a good way to simulate their source organsOrgan-like organs contain the same types of cells as real organs, and stem cells that produce organ-like organs contain a preprogrammed tissue characteristic, and stem cells know which organs they come from, and even during culture they produce a variety of cells that are present in the body's organsThe researchers then used the stomach, small intestine and colon to produce organ-like organs, and after studying it, they accidentally discovered a large-scale molecular complexity, revealed by RNA sequencing techniques that reflect the genetic activity of cellsAnother study found that organs produced by different fragments of the digestive tract were able to initiate a specific gene expression process, which depended on the homogeneity of tissues, and that stomach and intestinal cells had to produce different digestive enzymes, but the researchers were surprised to find that special binding sites in the immune system might also be part of the homogeneity of such tissuesSpecial tissues at immune binding sites may play a key role in organ-specific inflammatory diseases, which may even be associated with the development of cancer, which may also involve chronic inflammation, and how inflammation causes cancer to occur may require further research to be knownToday researchers can not only produce large quantities of organ-like organs in the laboratory quickly, but also produce an additional advantage, that because of the composition of human tissue, it can produce an approximate representation of human cells, because there are substantial differences between humans and animals, organ-like organs can also help reduce animal experiments and clarify unique human diseases, in addition, organs also play a key role in drug developmentIn addition, organ-like organs open up a whole new way to study basic molecular processes in biological real-world models, including the digestive system, where epithelial cells in the digestive tract play an important barrier function that inhibits bacteria from entering the body, including disease-causing bacteria or virusesAt the same time, the gut is home to trillions of beneficial bacteria that help the body digest food, and epithelial cells have to perceive beneficial or harmful bacteria or viruses and respond appropriately, which is done through special immune binding sites (pattern recognition receptors)These specific molecules, which are produced by different bacteria in the gut, can sound alarms and induce special immune responses if epithelial cells can identify molecules produced by harmful pathogens; so far, researchers do not know how epithelial cells effectively distinguish between harmful and beneficial bacteria, and it is difficult to understand the complex interactions between immune cells, epithelial cells and microorganisms, however, because these organs contain only epithelial cells, they can use these organs to investigate the distribution of epithelial cellsIn the study, the researchers found that pattern-recognition receptors may have their own fragment-specific gene activation patterns, and that each part of the stomach and intestines has its own unique pattern-recognition receptors, so the epithelial cells' immune response is also site-specific, and that the stomach reacts to different bacterial compounds compared to small intestine or colon tissue, which may lead to fragment-specific diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's diseaseSo what exactly induces a different reaction to bacterial compounds? One of the original researchers' assumptions was that immune receptors were regulated to respond to the implantation of beneficial bacteria, and to test this hypothesis, they developed organisms that never came into contact with bacteria, and the data showed that these microbes did have an impact, but the researchers were surprised to find that, to a large extent, the immune recognition of epithelial cells was actually determined by genetic factors during development and was not affected by the environmentIn general, the study provides new clues to the development of inflammatory diseases in the body, and the researchers say that each specific part of the digestive tract has its own specific immune recognition receptors, and that abnormalities or dysfunctions of congenital immune function may contribute to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases
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