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    Home > Biochemistry News > Biotechnology News > Scientists have identified a special protein that can control the self-renewal of human blood stem cells

    Scientists have identified a special protein that can control the self-renewal of human blood stem cells

    • Last Update: 2020-06-01
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Photo: Although we have been studying the biological properties of blood stem cells for many years, there are still many key challenges today: how to promote the self-renewal of human blood stem cells in laboratory conditions, which we now have to overcome through research, said DrHanna Mikkola, aresearcher at UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research CenterBlood stem cells, or hematopoietic stem cells, are present in the bone marrow, where they can self-renew and differentiate called multiple types of blood cells, and bone marrow transplant therapy can also be used to treat patients with blood or immune system diseases; however, bone marrow transplantation has obvious limitations, finding suitable bone marrow donors is not always feasible, and the patient's own immune system will reject exogenous cells, the number of transplanted stem cells is sometimes not sufficient to treat the diseasewhen blood stem cells are removed from bone marrow and placed in a laboratory dish, they quickly lose their ability to self-renew, either dying or differentiating other blood cells; the researchers' goal is to enable blood stem cells to self-renew under controlled laboratory conditions, which may open up new ideas for treating a variety of blood diseases, and help scientists produce blood stem cells through multi-functional stem cellsTo illustrate how blood stem cells self-renew in the lab, the researchers analyzed genes that were shut down when blood stem cells lost their ability to self-renew, and they noted which genes would shut down expression when blood stem cells differentiated into special blood cells (such as white blood cells or red blood cells), and then put blood stem cells in a laboratory flat dish to see which genes were shut down, using multi-energy stem cells to study, and the researchers were able to create blood that was missing self-renewing stem cells, and they could also monitor which genes were not expressedresearchers found that the expression of the MLLT3 gene is closely related to the potential of blood stem cells to self-renew, and that the proteins expressed in the MLLT3 gene provide the necessary instructions for blood stem cells to maintain their ability to self-renew, and that they can work properly in cell classification by acting in synergies with other regulatory proteinsThe researchers wanted to know whether maintaining the level of MLLT3 protein in blood stem cells in laboratory dishes would be enough to improve their ability to self-renew, and using a viral vector, the researchers were able to insert the active MLLT3 gene into the blood stem cells, and they observed that functional blood stem cells increased at least 12 times the rate of reproduction in laboratory dishes'If we consider the number of blood stem cells that a patient needs, then that's probably a big number, but we're not just looking at the number, we need to make sure that the blood stem cells produced in the lab continue to function by creating all the types of blood cells needed for transplantation,' said Mikkola, aresearcherRecently, researchers identified a particular class of small molecules (organic molecules used to make medical drugs) that can promote the proliferation of human blood stem cells in the laboratory, and then researchers used this small molecule to study them, and found that it improves the ability of blood stem cells to self-renew, but the cells do not maintain the appropriate level of MLLT3, and after transplanting to mice, they do not function properlyprevious research on the importance of this small molecule, but this study is based on previous research, the researchers developed a new method to expose blood stem cells to this small molecule and insert the active MLLT3 gene, a new method that may be able to produce blood stem cells that are better integrated into the bone marrow of mice, thus effectively producing all blood cell types and maintaining their ability to self-renewWhat's more, the MLLT3 gene can maintain the self-renewal of blood stem cells at a safe rate that does not have any dangerous properties, such as proliferation, mutations, or abnormal cells that induce the risk of leukemialater researchers will continue to study in depth which components in the DNA of specific proteins and blood stem cells affect the switch ingress of the MLLT3 gene, and how to control the process with special agents in laboratory dishes, and the researchers are confident that new strategies can be developed to turn on/off the expression of the MLLT3 gene without using viral vectors so that it can be used safely in clinical conditionsoriginal origin:Calvanese, V., Nguyen, A.T., Bolan, T.Jet al MLLT3 governs human haematopoietic stem-cell-viand and engraft Nature (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1790-2
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