High temperature and pollution can affect human life and health through mosquitoes!

June 7, 2019 / BIOON / - in 2017, 435000 people died of malaria in the world The vast majority of these deaths (403000) occurred on the African continent Most malaria cases occur in sub Saharan Africa SH ü n é Oliver of the National Institute of infectious diseases and her colleagues at the National Institute for infectious diseases track malaria cases and mosquito behavior in South Africa Photo source: http://cn.bing.com as part of the study, they studied three key areas One is the impact of human activities on mosquito biology Here, they studied the effects of heavy metal pollution on different life cycle characteristics, as well as the expression of drug resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes that transmit malaria They also looked at the impact of climate change on the effectiveness of insecticides against malaria vectors Finally, we studied the effect of high temperature on an Arabiensis An Arabiensis is very difficult to control In addition to the reported insecticide resistance, they also tend to avoid the use of insecticide treated nets and walls These mosquitoes also tend to bite people outdoors, where there is little protection Their work aims to understand the biological characteristics of the complex mosquito to track how changes in the environment affect the behavior of the animal This will hopefully inform malaria control strategies and bring us closer to eradicating the disease The larval stage of toxic mosquitoes is aquatic This fragile stage is critical to the health of adult mosquitoes, just as the health of human infants will determine the future health of adult mosquitoes Many larval environmental factors have a profound impact on the health of adult mosquitoes These factors include ambient temperature, crowding and access to nutrition However, human activities have led to an increase in water pollution levels, with mosquito larvae exposed to more toxins This has a great impact on the mosquitoes that transmit malaria These insects usually reproduce in clean water, but have adapted to reproduce in polluted water This means that malaria vectors can now potentially be extended to areas where malaria usually does not occur Photo source: http://cn.bing.com their research shows that polluted water sources are becoming breeding grounds for mosquitoes that are resistant to a range of toxins They found that adult mosquitoes are resistant to insecticides when exposed to metal during larval stage At present, they don't know whether insecticide resistant mosquitoes and susceptible mosquitoes are more likely to transmit malaria But pollution activities have led to the expansion of mosquito populations and changes in selection procedures Further studies of pesticides and mosquito temperatures have shown that high temperatures can also affect the effectiveness of certain pesticides In some African countries, including South Africa, Cameroon and Kenya, insecticides are often used as public health interventions to fight malaria vectors They are an important part of malaria control policies and strategies to eliminate malaria Their findings are important in determining the efficacy of current insecticides But their research is carried out under controlled laboratory conditions, so their findings must also be tested in real life This is because different temperatures have different effects Environmental conditions are also different and may have an impact on the efficacy of pesticides When it comes to mosquitoes, their research shows that temperature can have a significant impact on the life cycle of these insects For example, climate change may affect the distribution of malaria vectors They studied how rising temperatures affect major malaria vectors They paid particular attention to the relationship between insecticide resistant vectors and vectors susceptible to insecticides Resistant mosquitoes are more resistant to high temperatures than those without resistance This means that the survival rate of insecticide resistant mosquitoes will increase with the increase of temperature This will complicate malaria control Photo source: http://cn.bing.com why do we worry that human activities are driving the evolution of mosquitoes Pollution activities have led to the expansion of malaria transmitting mosquitoes to areas that were not previously available Adaptation to water pollution results in increased tolerance to pesticides Insecticide resistant or resistant mosquitoes are better able to cope with more toxic pollutants It is not clear whether these mosquitoes are more likely to transmit malaria than those susceptible to insecticides Scientists are just beginning to explain what this means for malaria eradication Reference materials: [1] how high temperatures and pollution are affecting mosquitoes [2] sh ü n é v Oliver et al The effect of metal pollution on the life history and insurance resistance pheotype of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: culidae) PLoS One Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.response.0192551 【3】Shüné V Oliver et al The effect of elevated temperatures on the life history and insecticide resistance phenotype of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera： Culicidae) Malaria Journal 201716：73 https：//doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1720-4
【4】Katey D Glunt et al The impact of temperature on insecticide toxicity against the malaria vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus Malaria Journal 201817：131 https：//doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2250-4