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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Study of Nervous System > Highlights of the Study that Cell Journal had to look at in January 2021

    Highlights of the Study that Cell Journal had to look at in January 2021

    • Last Update: 2021-03-02
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    January 31, 2021 / --- January 2021 is coming to an end, what are the highlights of the January Cell journal research worth learning? The editor-in-chief has organized this and shared it with you.
    1.Cell: New study reveals that the new mechanism of latent infection of EB virus doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.02EB virus (Epstein-Barr, EBV) protein EBNA1 is a key factor in EBV's ability to transform human cells and cause cancer.
    study, researchers from the Westa Institute in the United States discovered a new enzyme function of EBNA1.
    findings provide new adaptations to inhibit EBNA1 function and open up new avenues for the development of treatments for EBV-related cancers.
    results were published online January 21, 2021 in the journal Cell, under the title "Cell-cycle-dependent EBNA1-DNA crosslinking promotesreplication at oriP and viral episome maintenance."
    from Cell, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.022.
    EBV establishes lifelong, latent infections in B lymphocytes that contribute to the development of different types of cancer, including Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and Hodgkin's lymphoma.
    EBNA1 is an attractive target for these cancers because it is expressed in all EBV-related tumors, has important activity during tumor occurrence, and does not have similar proteins in the body. "We found an enzyme activity in EBNA1 that has never been described before, despite our great research efforts to describe the properties of this protein," said Dr. Paul M. Lieberman, co-author of the
    paper and director of the Gene Expression and Regulation Program at the Westa Institute.
    we found that EBNA1 has the recessive ability to crosslink single-stranded DNA and produce indicings at the end of DNA replication.
    may be important for other viruses and cellULAR DNA binding proteins with similar recessive enzyme-like activity.
    "2.Cell paper interpretation! The new study reveals that in addition to being a gene editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 could also act as a regulator switch to regulate gene activity doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.017 In a series of experiments on laboratory-cultured bacteria, researchers from Johns Hopkins University in the United States have found evidence that the widely used gene cutting system CRISPR-Cas9 also has another effect---
    its role in lowering or weakening CRISPR-Cas9 activity may help scientists develop new methods of cell genetic engineering for research purposes.
    results were published online January 8, 2021 in the journal Cell, under the title "A natural single-guide RNArepurposes Cas9 to autoregulate CRISPR-Cas expression".
    scientists have long been working on precise steps to unlock the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 action and how its activity in bacteria is increased or lowered.
    the researchers found clues about how the system works when they looked for genes that activate or inhibit the Streptococcus-brewing CRISPR-Cas9 gene cutting system.
    specifically, the researchers found a gene in the CRISPR-Cas9 system that, when inactive, causes a dramatic increase in the activity of the gene-editing system in bacteria.
    product of this gene appears to be the reprogramming of Cas9 to act as a brake, rather than as a "scissors" to reduce the activity of the CRISPR system.
    3.Cell: New study reveals how taurine helps stop bacterial infections Doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.011 In a new study, from the United States In exploring the body's natural defenses against bacterial infections, researchers at the National Institutes of Health found that a nutrient called taurine helps the gut recall previous infections and kill invasive bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Kpn).
    findings may help in the search for alternatives to antibiotics.
    results were published online January 15, 2021 in the Journal of Cell, under the title "Lyth trains the host for microbiota-enhanced resistance to pathogens."
    scientists know that the gut microbiome ---th trillions of beneficial microbes that live harmoniously in our guts--- can protect people from bacterial infections, but little is known about how they can protect them.
    scientists are studying the gut microbiome, looking to find or enhance natural remedies to replace antibiotics, which can harm the gut microbiome and become less effective as bacteria develop resistance.
    4.Cell paper in detail! Big data reveals that cancer can be classified into 112 subtypes regardless of its origin, and in each subtype, the primary regulatory protein that controls cancer transcription is almost identical doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.045 Thousands of different genetic mutations are linked to cancer, but a new study of nearly 10,000 patients found that tumors can only be classified into 112 subsypes, regardless of the source of the cancer, and that in each subsype, the primary regulatory protein that controls cancer transcription is almost identical, independent of specific gene mutations in each patient.
    this study confirms that the molecular logic provided by the main regulator protein integrates the effects of many different and patient-specific mutations to achieve transcriptional states for specific tumor subtypes, greatly increasing the proportion of patients who may respond to the same treatment.
    results were published online January 11, 2021 in the journal Cell under the title "A modular masterregulator landscape controls cancerional identity."
    and co-authors are Dr. Andrea Califano, Dr. Cory Abate-Shen and Dr. Mariano Alverez of Columbia University.
    from Cell, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.045.
    more specifically, the new study suggests that a larger proportion of patients may be responding to new drugs targeting the main regulatory protein, rather than looking for drugs that target mutant genes associated with a smaller subst group of patients.
    's new analysis of thousands of tumors from all types of cancer also found that the key genetic procedures necessary for cancer cell survival were controlled by only 24 master regulatory modules (masterregulator modules, MR modules), each consisting of only a small number of such main regulatory proteins, which work together.
    this analysis has the potential to simplify and improve cancer treatment in the future.
    5.Cell paper interpretation! For the first time, cancer cells have been revealed to hijack an embryonic survival pathway, hibernating like a bear to escape chemotherapy doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.018 Using an ancient evolutionary survival mechanism, cancer cells enter a slow-splitting state to survive in harsh environments caused by chemotherapy or other targeted drugs.
    In a new study, Dr. Catherine O'Brien, a scientist at Princess Margaret Cancer Center in Canada, and her team found that when threatened, all cancer cells ---not just one of the cancer cell substations--- have the ability to transition to this protective state, where they "sleep" until the threat or chemotherapy is eliminated.
    is the first study to determine whether cancer cells hijacked an evolutionary conservative program to survive chemotherapy.
    , the researchers also found that new treatment strategies designed to specifically target cancer cells in this slow-splitting state could prevent cancer from returning.
    study was recently published in the Journal of Cell under the title "Colorectal Cancer Cells Enter a Diapause-like DTP Stateto Survive Survive" .
    O'Brien said, "The tumor is like a complete organism, able to enter a slow-splitting state and preserve energy to help it survive."
    some animals enter a reversible slow-splitting state to protect themselves from harsh environments.
    that cancer cells slyly exploited the same state for survival.
    "6.Cell: Developed an automated electron microscope platform that can high-resolution reconstruction of the neural circuit map doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.013 How do neuron networks connect to functional neural circuits? This has been a long-standing problem in the field of neuroscience.
    To answer this basic question, researchers from Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School in the United States have developed a new way to study these neural circuits in a new study and learn more about their connections in the process.
    results were published online January 4, 2021 in the Journal of Cell under the title "Resynance of motor control circuits in adult Drossophilausing automated transmission electron microscopy".
    are widespread, but the connections between them are very small," said Dr. Wei-Chung Allen Lee of Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, co-author of the paper.
    , we have to develop new technologies to observe them at very high resolutions in true large sizes.
    , his team developed an improved large-scale electron microscope process.
    electron microscope is a technique first developed in the 1950s that uses accelerated electron beams to visualize and observe very small structures.
    7.Cell: Acute itching in eczema patients is associated with an environmental allergen doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.033 In addition to the rash, many eczema patients also experience chronic itching, but sometimes this itch can become painful.
    , standard antihistamines, which treat itching and allergies, usually don't work.
    in a new study, researchers at the University of Washington's St. Louis School of Medicine and other researchers found that allergens in the environment are often to blame for acute itching episodes in eczema patients, and that this itching is usually unresponsive against histamines because itching signals are transmitted to the brain through a previously unrecoced pathway that current drugs do not target.
    new findings point to a potential new target and strategy to help eczema patients cope with those episodes of acute severe itching.
    results were published online January 14, 2021 in the journal Cell, under the title "A basophil-neuronal axis promotes itch".
    from Cell, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.033. "Years ago, we thought that itching and pain were spread along the same path from nerve to brain, but that's not the case, and these new findings suggest that there is a different way to cause these acute itching episodes in eczema patients," said Dr. Brian S. Kim, co-author of the
    paper and an associate professor of medicine at the St. Louis School of Medicine at Washington University.
    this itch can be crazy.
    patients may rate their chronic itching at about 5 out of 10, but rise to 10 points during an acute itching episode.
    we know that these acute itching episodes spread in a completely different way, we can target this pathway, and maybe we can help these patients.
    "8.Cell: Key proteins can prevent the spread of cancer and epilepsy doi:1 0.1016/j.cell.2020.12.024 According to a recent study, certain anchor proteins inhibit key metabolic drivers that play an important role in cancer and developmental brain disease.
    from the German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) and the University of Innsbruck have discovered this molecular mechanism, which could open up new opportunities for personalized treatment of cancer and neurone diseases.
    their findings were published in the journal Cell
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