-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
- Cosmetic Ingredient
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
3.
30 The Intellectual, an intellectual, will urgently increase the vaccination rate among children | Source: pixabay.
com Editor’s note ✚ ○ Like the elderly, the many deaths of children infected with the new crown in Hong Kong have aroused widespread concern due to the high transmission power of Omicron
.
Recently, a paper [1] published by the research team of the University of Hong Kong on the preprint website retrieved data on a total of 1,147 children who were hospitalized due to new coronavirus infection and were not vaccinated in February 2022, and analyzed Omic by comparative analysis.
Differences in pathogenicity of Rong mutants and other novel coronavirus strains and influenza viruses in unvaccinated children
.
Despite the study's many limitations, the results are alarming: If Omicron is not as "mild" as one might expect, it will be urgent to increase vaccination rates in this group
.
Written by | Now Knowing Editor | Liu Chu ● ● ● On January 21, 2022, the Hong Kong SAR government began to vaccinate children aged 5 to 11
.
Beginning on February 15, the vaccination age of CoronaVac inactivated vaccine has been lowered to 3 years old
.
At the same time, children aged 5 to 11 can make an appointment to receive the Pfizer Fubitai mRNA vaccine
.
In Hong Kong, there have been cases of Omikron infection as early as the end of November last year
.
That is to say, when the Omicron variant raided the Hong Kong area, the majority of children had not yet received the vaccine
.
Recently, the team of Jaime S.
Rosa Duque, a professor in the Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, compared the effects of different respiratory viruses on children aged 0-11 by accessing the electronic medical records of the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS).
health effects [1]
.
Case data include: ● 1,147 children hospitalized for 2022-nCoV (default Omicron variant) infection from February 5 to February 28; ● January 1, 2020 to November 1, 2021 737 children hospitalized for daytime infection with 2019-nCoV (other variants); ● 32,212 and 16,423 children hospitalized for influenza virus infection or parainfluenza virus infection from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 people
.
The results showed that 4 of the 1147 Omicron-infected children (none of whom received vaccination, 920 people aged 0-5 years) died unfortunately, two of whom died from encephalitis, and a nine-year-old child suffered from artificial fat.
For Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the mortality rate is 0.
35%, which is higher than other variants of the new coronavirus (0%), influenza virus (0.
05%) and parainfluenza virus (0.
04%)
.
From the analysis of severe cases, 21 people (1.
83%) of the infected cases of Omicron were admitted to the children's intensive care unit, and the proportion was still higher than that of non-Omicron coronavirus (0.
14%), influenza virus (0.
79%) and parainfluenza Virus (1.
64%)
.
From the analysis of clinical manifestations, 171 Omicron-infected children developed neurological symptoms, with febrile seizures being the most common (11.
60%), and the proportion was higher than other groups; 61 children (5.
32%) developed croup (5.
32%).
Croup) symptoms, the incidence rate was higher than that of non-Omicron new coronavirus (0.
27%) infection and influenza virus (1.
87%) infection, but lower than that of parainfluenza virus (5.
41%) infection
.
The proportion of pneumonia in children caused by Omicron infection is comparable to that of non-Omicron new coronavirus strains, and both are far lower than influenza virus infection and parainfluenza virus infection
.
Figure 1 The study compares and analyzes the effects of Omicron mutants and other new coronavirus strains, influenza and parainfluenza viruses on children's health | Source [1] From the research data alone, it gives the impression that Omicron is It is more pathogenic to children and causes more serious consequences
.
But as described by the researchers at the end of the paper, the fifth wave of the outbreak caused by Omicron developed extremely rapidly (1,147 children were hospitalized for infection in just 23 days, compared with 22 before the Omicron appeared.
During the month, 737 children were hospitalized due to new coronavirus infection in Hong Kong), and there is a certain lag in the data collection of CDARS.
The study only included data from 23 days in February, the data analysis window is very narrow, and it is possible There are still cases of childhood infections joining in at a later time
.
At the same time, the study included only hospitalized cases, not all childhood infections
.
According to data from the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection [2], between February 5 and February 28, 2022, about 13,000 children aged 0-11 were infected with the new coronavirus
.
Using this as a base, the mortality rate for children infected with the new coronavirus is about 0.
02%
.
At the same time, it should be reminded that the study only "arbitrarily" attributed the 23-day data to Omicron infection, and did not determine the specific infection strain of the 1147 children
.
To put it conservatively, the study only shows that the new coronavirus infection has a greater impact on the health of hospitalized children in Hong Kong between February 5 and February 28
.
There are three constraints here: time period, region, and condition
.
The researchers mentioned that previous studies have shown that seasonal human coronavirus (huCoVs) infection can enable the human body to develop cross-protection against new coronavirus infection [3]
.
In this study, children under the age of 5 had no history of seasonal human coronavirus infection, and the lack of cross-immunity protection, especially the more durable T-cell immunity, may be the reason why this group is more critical after being infected by Omicron
.
But most importantly, none of the 1,147 children received any vaccinations
.
This also illustrates the importance of vaccine immunization from the side
.
Although there is no exact data on the effectiveness of vaccine immunization on children's protection so far, data published by the team of Benjamin J.
Cowling, a professor at the University of Hong Kong some time ago [4] shows that no matter what age the elderly are, as long as they receive three doses of the new crown vaccine, Whether it is Sinovac inactivated vaccine or Fubitai mRNA vaccine, the effect of preventing severe illness or death is very good, and the effective rate exceeds 95%
.
Figure 2 The effectiveness data of vaccination for people over 20 years old according to the University of Hong Kong | Source [4] This study investigated the vaccination status of people over 20 years old in Hong Kong, and extracted December 2021 through the epidemic monitoring platform.
Information on laboratory-confirmed cases from March 31 to March 8, 2022, comprehensively analyzed the effective protection rate of vaccination
.
From February 2021, Hong Kong people can choose the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac produced by Sinovac or the RNA vaccine BNT162b2 from Pfizer for immunization
.
However, as of January 2022, the two-dose complete immunization coverage for the elderly population aged 70-79 and over 80 in Hong Kong was relatively low, at 46% and 18%, respectively; two months later (March 17) , the above two data increased slightly, reaching 66% and 37% respectively
.
Judging from the effect of vaccine immunization, the preventive protection rate of two injections of complete immunization against severe disease is significantly higher than that of one dose of vaccination
.
For example, the efficacy rate of two doses of CoronaVac in preventing severe illness was 74.
1% for people over 60 years old, and the effective rate for preventing death was 66.
8% for people over 80 years old who received two doses of CoronaVac
.
Correspondingly, the effective rate of two injections of Fubitai for the elderly over 60 years old in preventing severe illness was 88.
2%, and the effective rate for preventing death by two injections of Fubitai in the elderly over 80 years old was 88.
2%
.
After the third booster injection, the effectiveness of the two vaccines in preventing severe illness and preventing death has been greatly improved, especially the Kexing vaccine
.
Specifically, the immunization of the three-injection Kerriflux vaccine made the effective rate of preventing severe illness for people of all ages above 96.
7%, while the effective rate of preventing severe illness for the elderly over 80 years old when the second injection was completely immunized was only 60.
2%; three The boosted immunization by injection made the death prevention effective rate of people over 60 years old in all age groups above 97.
2% (as high as 99.
2% for people over 80 years old), while the effective rate of death prevention for people over 80 years old when the second injection was completely immunized was only 66.
8%
.
Judging from the above data as a whole, the elderly are still the weak group of vaccine immune protection, and the third injection has greatly improved the preventive and protective effect of the vaccine on severe illness and death in the elderly
.
This data is also worthy of reference for children
.
According to government data of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region[5], as of March 28, 2022, more than 316,133 children aged 3 to 11 in Hong Kong had received the first dose of the new crown vaccine, with a coverage rate of 60%; children who received the second dose (3 to 11 years old) the total number of 94913 people, accounting for only 18%
.
Figure 3 Vaccination status of children aged 3-11 in Hong Kong as of today | Source[5] Vaccine immunization is still the most effective measure to prevent and control the epidemic, and it is urgent to increase the vaccination rate of people, especially vulnerable groups
.
References: (swipe up and down to browse) [1] Tso, Winnie Wan Yee and Kwan, Mike and Wang, Yu Liang and Leung, Lok Kan and Leung, Daniel and Chua, Gilbert T.
and Ip, Patrick and Wong, Wilfred Hing Sang and Chan, Sophelia Hoi Shan and Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo and Peiris, JS Malik and Lau, Yu Lung and Rosa Duque, Jaime Sou, Intrinsic Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.
2 in Uninfected, Unvaccinated Children: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study on Hospital Complications.
Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.
com/abstract=4063036 or http://dx.
doi.
org/10.
2139/ssrn.
4063036[2] HK Centre for Health Protection.
https:// Hong Kong, 2022.
[3] Vaccine effectiveness of two and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19 in Hong Kong Martina E.
McMenamin, Joshua Nealon, Yun Lin , Jessica Y.
Wong, Justin K.
Cheung, Eric HY Lau, Peng Wu, Gabriel M.
Leung,Benjamin J.
Cowling medRxiv 2022.
03.
22.
22272769; doi: https://doi.
org/10.
1101/2022.
03.
22.
22272769[4] Kundu R, Narean JS, Wang L, et al.
Cross-reactive memory T cells associate with protection against SARS -CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 contacts.
Nat Commun.
2022;13(1):80.
Published 2022 Jan 10.
doi:10.
1038/s41467-021-27674-x[5]https:// gov.
hk/zh-CN/Follow the "Intellectuals" video account to get more interesting and informative popular science content editors | Jiang SiyaEND
30 The Intellectual, an intellectual, will urgently increase the vaccination rate among children | Source: pixabay.
com Editor’s note ✚ ○ Like the elderly, the many deaths of children infected with the new crown in Hong Kong have aroused widespread concern due to the high transmission power of Omicron
.
Recently, a paper [1] published by the research team of the University of Hong Kong on the preprint website retrieved data on a total of 1,147 children who were hospitalized due to new coronavirus infection and were not vaccinated in February 2022, and analyzed Omic by comparative analysis.
Differences in pathogenicity of Rong mutants and other novel coronavirus strains and influenza viruses in unvaccinated children
.
Despite the study's many limitations, the results are alarming: If Omicron is not as "mild" as one might expect, it will be urgent to increase vaccination rates in this group
.
Written by | Now Knowing Editor | Liu Chu ● ● ● On January 21, 2022, the Hong Kong SAR government began to vaccinate children aged 5 to 11
.
Beginning on February 15, the vaccination age of CoronaVac inactivated vaccine has been lowered to 3 years old
.
At the same time, children aged 5 to 11 can make an appointment to receive the Pfizer Fubitai mRNA vaccine
.
In Hong Kong, there have been cases of Omikron infection as early as the end of November last year
.
That is to say, when the Omicron variant raided the Hong Kong area, the majority of children had not yet received the vaccine
.
Recently, the team of Jaime S.
Rosa Duque, a professor in the Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine of the University of Hong Kong, compared the effects of different respiratory viruses on children aged 0-11 by accessing the electronic medical records of the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS).
health effects [1]
.
Case data include: ● 1,147 children hospitalized for 2022-nCoV (default Omicron variant) infection from February 5 to February 28; ● January 1, 2020 to November 1, 2021 737 children hospitalized for daytime infection with 2019-nCoV (other variants); ● 32,212 and 16,423 children hospitalized for influenza virus infection or parainfluenza virus infection from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 people
.
The results showed that 4 of the 1147 Omicron-infected children (none of whom received vaccination, 920 people aged 0-5 years) died unfortunately, two of whom died from encephalitis, and a nine-year-old child suffered from artificial fat.
For Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the mortality rate is 0.
35%, which is higher than other variants of the new coronavirus (0%), influenza virus (0.
05%) and parainfluenza virus (0.
04%)
.
From the analysis of severe cases, 21 people (1.
83%) of the infected cases of Omicron were admitted to the children's intensive care unit, and the proportion was still higher than that of non-Omicron coronavirus (0.
14%), influenza virus (0.
79%) and parainfluenza Virus (1.
64%)
.
From the analysis of clinical manifestations, 171 Omicron-infected children developed neurological symptoms, with febrile seizures being the most common (11.
60%), and the proportion was higher than other groups; 61 children (5.
32%) developed croup (5.
32%).
Croup) symptoms, the incidence rate was higher than that of non-Omicron new coronavirus (0.
27%) infection and influenza virus (1.
87%) infection, but lower than that of parainfluenza virus (5.
41%) infection
.
The proportion of pneumonia in children caused by Omicron infection is comparable to that of non-Omicron new coronavirus strains, and both are far lower than influenza virus infection and parainfluenza virus infection
.
Figure 1 The study compares and analyzes the effects of Omicron mutants and other new coronavirus strains, influenza and parainfluenza viruses on children's health | Source [1] From the research data alone, it gives the impression that Omicron is It is more pathogenic to children and causes more serious consequences
.
But as described by the researchers at the end of the paper, the fifth wave of the outbreak caused by Omicron developed extremely rapidly (1,147 children were hospitalized for infection in just 23 days, compared with 22 before the Omicron appeared.
During the month, 737 children were hospitalized due to new coronavirus infection in Hong Kong), and there is a certain lag in the data collection of CDARS.
The study only included data from 23 days in February, the data analysis window is very narrow, and it is possible There are still cases of childhood infections joining in at a later time
.
At the same time, the study included only hospitalized cases, not all childhood infections
.
According to data from the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection [2], between February 5 and February 28, 2022, about 13,000 children aged 0-11 were infected with the new coronavirus
.
Using this as a base, the mortality rate for children infected with the new coronavirus is about 0.
02%
.
At the same time, it should be reminded that the study only "arbitrarily" attributed the 23-day data to Omicron infection, and did not determine the specific infection strain of the 1147 children
.
To put it conservatively, the study only shows that the new coronavirus infection has a greater impact on the health of hospitalized children in Hong Kong between February 5 and February 28
.
There are three constraints here: time period, region, and condition
.
The researchers mentioned that previous studies have shown that seasonal human coronavirus (huCoVs) infection can enable the human body to develop cross-protection against new coronavirus infection [3]
.
In this study, children under the age of 5 had no history of seasonal human coronavirus infection, and the lack of cross-immunity protection, especially the more durable T-cell immunity, may be the reason why this group is more critical after being infected by Omicron
.
But most importantly, none of the 1,147 children received any vaccinations
.
This also illustrates the importance of vaccine immunization from the side
.
Although there is no exact data on the effectiveness of vaccine immunization on children's protection so far, data published by the team of Benjamin J.
Cowling, a professor at the University of Hong Kong some time ago [4] shows that no matter what age the elderly are, as long as they receive three doses of the new crown vaccine, Whether it is Sinovac inactivated vaccine or Fubitai mRNA vaccine, the effect of preventing severe illness or death is very good, and the effective rate exceeds 95%
.
Figure 2 The effectiveness data of vaccination for people over 20 years old according to the University of Hong Kong | Source [4] This study investigated the vaccination status of people over 20 years old in Hong Kong, and extracted December 2021 through the epidemic monitoring platform.
Information on laboratory-confirmed cases from March 31 to March 8, 2022, comprehensively analyzed the effective protection rate of vaccination
.
From February 2021, Hong Kong people can choose the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac produced by Sinovac or the RNA vaccine BNT162b2 from Pfizer for immunization
.
However, as of January 2022, the two-dose complete immunization coverage for the elderly population aged 70-79 and over 80 in Hong Kong was relatively low, at 46% and 18%, respectively; two months later (March 17) , the above two data increased slightly, reaching 66% and 37% respectively
.
Judging from the effect of vaccine immunization, the preventive protection rate of two injections of complete immunization against severe disease is significantly higher than that of one dose of vaccination
.
For example, the efficacy rate of two doses of CoronaVac in preventing severe illness was 74.
1% for people over 60 years old, and the effective rate for preventing death was 66.
8% for people over 80 years old who received two doses of CoronaVac
.
Correspondingly, the effective rate of two injections of Fubitai for the elderly over 60 years old in preventing severe illness was 88.
2%, and the effective rate for preventing death by two injections of Fubitai in the elderly over 80 years old was 88.
2%
.
After the third booster injection, the effectiveness of the two vaccines in preventing severe illness and preventing death has been greatly improved, especially the Kexing vaccine
.
Specifically, the immunization of the three-injection Kerriflux vaccine made the effective rate of preventing severe illness for people of all ages above 96.
7%, while the effective rate of preventing severe illness for the elderly over 80 years old when the second injection was completely immunized was only 60.
2%; three The boosted immunization by injection made the death prevention effective rate of people over 60 years old in all age groups above 97.
2% (as high as 99.
2% for people over 80 years old), while the effective rate of death prevention for people over 80 years old when the second injection was completely immunized was only 66.
8%
.
Judging from the above data as a whole, the elderly are still the weak group of vaccine immune protection, and the third injection has greatly improved the preventive and protective effect of the vaccine on severe illness and death in the elderly
.
This data is also worthy of reference for children
.
According to government data of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region[5], as of March 28, 2022, more than 316,133 children aged 3 to 11 in Hong Kong had received the first dose of the new crown vaccine, with a coverage rate of 60%; children who received the second dose (3 to 11 years old) the total number of 94913 people, accounting for only 18%
.
Figure 3 Vaccination status of children aged 3-11 in Hong Kong as of today | Source[5] Vaccine immunization is still the most effective measure to prevent and control the epidemic, and it is urgent to increase the vaccination rate of people, especially vulnerable groups
.
References: (swipe up and down to browse) [1] Tso, Winnie Wan Yee and Kwan, Mike and Wang, Yu Liang and Leung, Lok Kan and Leung, Daniel and Chua, Gilbert T.
and Ip, Patrick and Wong, Wilfred Hing Sang and Chan, Sophelia Hoi Shan and Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo and Peiris, JS Malik and Lau, Yu Lung and Rosa Duque, Jaime Sou, Intrinsic Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.
2 in Uninfected, Unvaccinated Children: A Population-Based, Case-Control Study on Hospital Complications.
Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.
com/abstract=4063036 or http://dx.
doi.
org/10.
2139/ssrn.
4063036[2] HK Centre for Health Protection.
https:// Hong Kong, 2022.
[3] Vaccine effectiveness of two and three doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against COVID-19 in Hong Kong Martina E.
McMenamin, Joshua Nealon, Yun Lin , Jessica Y.
Wong, Justin K.
Cheung, Eric HY Lau, Peng Wu, Gabriel M.
Leung,Benjamin J.
Cowling medRxiv 2022.
03.
22.
22272769; doi: https://doi.
org/10.
1101/2022.
03.
22.
22272769[4] Kundu R, Narean JS, Wang L, et al.
Cross-reactive memory T cells associate with protection against SARS -CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 contacts.
Nat Commun.
2022;13(1):80.
Published 2022 Jan 10.
doi:10.
1038/s41467-021-27674-x[5]https:// gov.
hk/zh-CN/Follow the "Intellectuals" video account to get more interesting and informative popular science content editors | Jiang SiyaEND
