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Report Editor of the Heart of the Machine: Dimension and Chen Ping understand that animal behaviors and emotions are an important part of animal husbandry and animal welfare.
In this regard, researchers from the University of Rennes I and the French Scientific Research Center designed a wearable headband suitable for horses, which can receive the horse’s brain waves and obtain the horse’s emotional behavior in different activity scenarios.
Variety.
Animal welfare (animal welfare) was proposed by the American Hughes in 1976.
It refers to the state of complete mental and physical health in which the animals raised on the farm are in harmony with their environment.
What animal welfare emphasizes is not that we cannot use animals, but how to use animals in a reasonable and humane manner, and try to ensure that those animals that have made contributions and sacrifices to humans enjoy the most basic rights.
In addition, considering subjective individual cognition and emotional processing, assessing animal welfare has become a challenge.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum analysis has proven an ecologically effective recording that can be used to assess the connection between human brain activity and emotional or cognitive states: high slow/fast wave ratio and positive The internal state is closely related.
In particular, the high production of theta power (3-8Hz) is related to positive emotions.
On the other hand, there are hypotheses that the dominance of the left hemisphere (LH) of the brain may lead to a better welfare state.
In the famous novel Black Beauty (Black Beauty) completed by British writer Anna Sewell in 1877, the protagonist, a dark horse, shares its emotions with readers.
Now, scientists say that they can learn how horses feel directly from their mouths.
Researchers from the University of Rennes I in France and the French Scientific Research Center (CNRS) designed a wearable headband that detects horse brain waves, and this headband can eventually be used in other species.
Related research has been published in the journal Applied Animal Behavior Science.
Link to the paper: https:// to install a removable headset for the horse.
This idea comes from the animal behaviorist and one of the authors Martine Hausberger, she is in This idea came up when investigating whether horses under stress had a harder time learning to open the sliding door on the food box.
Spoiler warning, the result is indeed the case.
In addition, she also noticed that some animals, especially those living in small spaces, lose their attention.
This is not only a reverie, will they really be in a state of frustration? Katherine Houpt, a veterinary behaviorist at Cornell University, said, "This is a real breakthrough.
This kind of removable head-mounted device can "enter into the mind of an animal objectively and without presumption.
" The design process Since the early twentieth century, scientists have used electroencephalograms, which can record electrical impulses in the brain, to study human epilepsy and sleep patterns.
Recently, studies have found that people can find depression, anxiety and even feelings of satisfaction through EEG.
At the same time, EEG studies have also migrated from humans to rodents, farm animals, and pets, and revealed how animals react when they are touched or anesthetized.
Therefore, in theory, the EEG can capture the horse's mental state.
But unfortunately, as of now, there is no way to record brain waves during animal activities.
Some people think that this is because recording EEG requires electrodes to be placed at specific positions on the head and wires are connected from the electrodes to the recording machine.
But in this process, people need to restrain or force animal sedation.
At the same time, in order to obtain accurate readings, either the animal’s head must be shaved, or electrodes must be surgically implanted under the animal’s scalp.
In this case, Hausberger turned to Hugo Cousillas, a neurophysicist and colleague at the First University of Rennes.
Initially, Cousillas chose to use a wearable EEG headband, which can track brain waves to show the state of human sleep or meditation.
Hugo Cousillas tested the wearable headband on the horse's head.
Cousillas spent six years developing a wearable headband suitable for horses.
Unlike computer graphics where humans may have tens or even hundreds of electrodes, the horse's headband only needs four electrodes, which can receive electric waves from the left and right hemispheres of the horse's peach-sized brain.
The overall design of the headband is as follows: Source: https:// According to the data, the headband can transmit 20 yards of readings, and due to the electrode Nested in a spring-loaded gel bag, you only need to use a tiny needle to gently poke the horse's skin, and the hair can be kept intact.
The following picture shows the needle device of the headband: test process and results Cousillas, Hausberger and Mathilde Stomp, an animal behaviorist at the University of Rennes and corresponding author of the thesis, have obtained EEG records of 18 horses.
Half of the horses are in enclosed stables, and the other half are in open pastures.
The data shows that the EEG results obtained by the two groups of horses are different.
The gamma waves in the right hemisphere of the brain of the horses in the stables are on average 2.
5 times higher than that of the horses in the open pasture.
For humans, this wave is usually a signal of anxiety, distraction or depression.
Not only that, the theta waves in the left hemisphere of horses who spend most of their time outdoors are twice the average, which is usually a sign of calmness and focus.
In this regard, Hausberger said: "What is really exciting about these results is that we have obtained a rare measure of whether an animal is "happy".
" However, some people expressed different opinions.
Konstanze Krueger, a cognitive ecologist at the University of Nürtingen-Geislingen in Germany, believes that human interpretation of brain waves does not necessarily apply to other species.
Greg Vicino, an animal behaviorist at the San Diego Zoo, said that this is a good way to measure the mental health of captive animals.
In order to monitor the behavior and emotions of hundreds of animals in the zoo, his team needs to spend a very long time on them.
Therefore, this wearable headband may be a good alternative.
Reference link: https:// For enterprises and developers, how to fill up machine learning skills Point, learn more easily on the mobile device? On March 15, Meng He, Senior Product Manager of Machine Learning at Amazon Cloud Technology, will bring online sharing.
This sharing starts from related application cases in the supply chain and autonomous driving fields, and explains in detail what key resources Amazon Cloud Technology will provide to help the developer team improve machine learning skills so as to better apply AI.
Scan the code or click to read the original text Collection Live Room! © THE END For reprinting, please contact this official account for authorization to contribute or seek coverage: content@jiqizhixin.
com
In this regard, researchers from the University of Rennes I and the French Scientific Research Center designed a wearable headband suitable for horses, which can receive the horse’s brain waves and obtain the horse’s emotional behavior in different activity scenarios.
Variety.
Animal welfare (animal welfare) was proposed by the American Hughes in 1976.
It refers to the state of complete mental and physical health in which the animals raised on the farm are in harmony with their environment.
What animal welfare emphasizes is not that we cannot use animals, but how to use animals in a reasonable and humane manner, and try to ensure that those animals that have made contributions and sacrifices to humans enjoy the most basic rights.
In addition, considering subjective individual cognition and emotional processing, assessing animal welfare has become a challenge.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) spectrum analysis has proven an ecologically effective recording that can be used to assess the connection between human brain activity and emotional or cognitive states: high slow/fast wave ratio and positive The internal state is closely related.
In particular, the high production of theta power (3-8Hz) is related to positive emotions.
On the other hand, there are hypotheses that the dominance of the left hemisphere (LH) of the brain may lead to a better welfare state.
In the famous novel Black Beauty (Black Beauty) completed by British writer Anna Sewell in 1877, the protagonist, a dark horse, shares its emotions with readers.
Now, scientists say that they can learn how horses feel directly from their mouths.
Researchers from the University of Rennes I in France and the French Scientific Research Center (CNRS) designed a wearable headband that detects horse brain waves, and this headband can eventually be used in other species.
Related research has been published in the journal Applied Animal Behavior Science.
Link to the paper: https:// to install a removable headset for the horse.
This idea comes from the animal behaviorist and one of the authors Martine Hausberger, she is in This idea came up when investigating whether horses under stress had a harder time learning to open the sliding door on the food box.
Spoiler warning, the result is indeed the case.
In addition, she also noticed that some animals, especially those living in small spaces, lose their attention.
This is not only a reverie, will they really be in a state of frustration? Katherine Houpt, a veterinary behaviorist at Cornell University, said, "This is a real breakthrough.
This kind of removable head-mounted device can "enter into the mind of an animal objectively and without presumption.
" The design process Since the early twentieth century, scientists have used electroencephalograms, which can record electrical impulses in the brain, to study human epilepsy and sleep patterns.
Recently, studies have found that people can find depression, anxiety and even feelings of satisfaction through EEG.
At the same time, EEG studies have also migrated from humans to rodents, farm animals, and pets, and revealed how animals react when they are touched or anesthetized.
Therefore, in theory, the EEG can capture the horse's mental state.
But unfortunately, as of now, there is no way to record brain waves during animal activities.
Some people think that this is because recording EEG requires electrodes to be placed at specific positions on the head and wires are connected from the electrodes to the recording machine.
But in this process, people need to restrain or force animal sedation.
At the same time, in order to obtain accurate readings, either the animal’s head must be shaved, or electrodes must be surgically implanted under the animal’s scalp.
In this case, Hausberger turned to Hugo Cousillas, a neurophysicist and colleague at the First University of Rennes.
Initially, Cousillas chose to use a wearable EEG headband, which can track brain waves to show the state of human sleep or meditation.
Hugo Cousillas tested the wearable headband on the horse's head.
Cousillas spent six years developing a wearable headband suitable for horses.
Unlike computer graphics where humans may have tens or even hundreds of electrodes, the horse's headband only needs four electrodes, which can receive electric waves from the left and right hemispheres of the horse's peach-sized brain.
The overall design of the headband is as follows: Source: https:// According to the data, the headband can transmit 20 yards of readings, and due to the electrode Nested in a spring-loaded gel bag, you only need to use a tiny needle to gently poke the horse's skin, and the hair can be kept intact.
The following picture shows the needle device of the headband: test process and results Cousillas, Hausberger and Mathilde Stomp, an animal behaviorist at the University of Rennes and corresponding author of the thesis, have obtained EEG records of 18 horses.
Half of the horses are in enclosed stables, and the other half are in open pastures.
The data shows that the EEG results obtained by the two groups of horses are different.
The gamma waves in the right hemisphere of the brain of the horses in the stables are on average 2.
5 times higher than that of the horses in the open pasture.
For humans, this wave is usually a signal of anxiety, distraction or depression.
Not only that, the theta waves in the left hemisphere of horses who spend most of their time outdoors are twice the average, which is usually a sign of calmness and focus.
In this regard, Hausberger said: "What is really exciting about these results is that we have obtained a rare measure of whether an animal is "happy".
" However, some people expressed different opinions.
Konstanze Krueger, a cognitive ecologist at the University of Nürtingen-Geislingen in Germany, believes that human interpretation of brain waves does not necessarily apply to other species.
Greg Vicino, an animal behaviorist at the San Diego Zoo, said that this is a good way to measure the mental health of captive animals.
In order to monitor the behavior and emotions of hundreds of animals in the zoo, his team needs to spend a very long time on them.
Therefore, this wearable headband may be a good alternative.
Reference link: https:// For enterprises and developers, how to fill up machine learning skills Point, learn more easily on the mobile device? On March 15, Meng He, Senior Product Manager of Machine Learning at Amazon Cloud Technology, will bring online sharing.
This sharing starts from related application cases in the supply chain and autonomous driving fields, and explains in detail what key resources Amazon Cloud Technology will provide to help the developer team improve machine learning skills so as to better apply AI.
Scan the code or click to read the original text Collection Live Room! © THE END For reprinting, please contact this official account for authorization to contribute or seek coverage: content@jiqizhixin.
com
