Hospital sensing ABC to the high incidence of intestinal infectious diseases season, do a good job of prevention is the key.

Intestinal infectious diseases are easy to develop, how to prevent? For enterovirus, can I choose an alcohol-containing hand disinfectant? Why have you been vaccinated against hand, foot and mouth disease, or have you been infected with hand, foot and mouth disease? Summer hot weather, humidity, mosquito fly breeding, conducive to the breeding of germs, food corruption and descension, and in summer the body's physical consumption, immunity will be relatively reduced, is the high incidence of intestinal infectious diseases season, but the prevalence of intestinal infectious diseases is not completely limited to summer and autumn.
intestinal infectious disease pathogens are excreted from the feces and vomit of patients and pathogen carriers, contaminating the surrounding environment and transmitting them through insect vectors such as water, food, contact, flies and cockroaches.
Common symptoms of intestinal infectious diseases are diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, can be accompanied by fever, abdominal cramps, nach and systemic soreness and other symptoms, most patients with mild illness, generally will naturally heal, but some of the more serious patients may appear dehydration, electrolyte disorders, shock, etc., treatment is not timely or improper will lead to death.
intestinal infectious diseases, prevention is the key to pay attention to diet and drinking water hygiene, do a good job of "three tubes and one extinction", develop good hygiene habits.
1) manage the water source Tap water disinfection according to regulations, prevent pollution of water sources, do not drink unclean water; 2) manage food food to be cooked through, raw fruit to wash clean, do not eat corrupt food, tableware to boil disinfection, raw knife board to be separated; 3) tube feces to do harmless treatment, patients' vomit and feces should not be casually dumped, strengthen the management of garbage, feces;
5) pay attention to personal hygiene, wash your hands before and after meals, cut your nails, take more baths, change your clothes regularly, take part in more physical exercise, and enhance your body's resistance.
Sterilation and isolation measures to control the spread of intestinal infectious diseases 1) Hand hygiene Intestinal infectious diseases are transmitted through contact, hand hygiene is the simplest and most effective way to protect against intestinal infectious diseases, including hand washing and sanitary hand disinfection (see this series 1, 2).
2) The basic principle of disinfection and sterilization of medical appliances is based on the degree of hazard after contamination of articles, high-risk items using sterilization methods, medium-risk items using high- and medium-efficiency disinfection, low-risk items using inefficient disinfection or cleaning, according to the type and quantity of contaminated microorganisms, according to the nature of disinfection items to choose disinfection methods.
A virus, hand, foot and mouth disease virus, norovirus, such as hydro-hydrovirus, should be used above the medium level disinfection method.
3) surface disinfection and ground disinfection intestinal clinic, infection ward belongs to the high-risk department of infection, should be kept clean and dry, regular cleaning and disinfection, at least 2 times a day, first clean and then disinfection, in the event of obvious pollution at any time de-contamination, cleaning and disinfection, ground disinfection using 400 mg/L-700mg/L effective chlorine chlorine chlorine-containing disinfection liquid wipe, acting on 30min, surface disinfection method with the ground or the use of 1000mg/L-2000mg/L quarterly ammonium salt disinfectant wipe.
4) Air disinfection intestinal infectious diseases are not transmitted through the air, in general, as long as the strengthening of ventilation can be, in case of pollution can be used ultraviolet light disinfection 60-90 minutes or the use of oxyacetic acid fumigation and other methods of disinfection.
isolation 1) set up a specialized outpatient, independent area, relatively closed consultation environment (intestinal clinic).
2) Patients should be placed in single-person wards when conditions are limited: (1) priority should be given to patients prone to spreading diseases;
3) When placing in the same ward as a patient who is not infected or carrying the same pathogen, the following principles should be followed≥: (1) avoid placing in the same room as patients who increase the risk of adverse events after infection or patients prone to transmission of infection;
4) limit the patient's non-diagnosis and treatment needs of transport and outdoor activities, if the need for transport, should cover the infected site, after arriving at the destination department should be replaced with clean protective equipment to dispose of patients.
5) The relevant medical personnel shall strictly implement disinfection and isolation measures, wear isolation clothing, wear masks, hats, shoe covers, gloves, perform hand hygiene, and prevent the spread of intestinal infectious diseases.
according to the provisions of the Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Act: cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, bacterial dysentery, typhoid fever, hand, foot and mouth disease, other infectious diarrhea belong to the category of intestinal infectious diseases.
Other pathogens of infectious diarrhea include viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, of which viral infections are the most important cause, accounting for 91.03%, followed by bacterial infections, accounting for 8.75%, including norovirus, rotovirus and so on.
below we introduce two common intestinal infectious diseases - hand, foot and mouth disease and noel virus infection! Hand foot and mouth disease Hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infectious disease caused by enterovirus (EV) infection, which is more common in children under 5 years of age.
There are more than 20 types of enterovirus (types) that cause hand, foot and mouth disease, mainly Cosage virus, Eco virus and enterovirus type 71, of which CV-A16 and EV-A71 are the most common, and most severe and fatal cases are caused by EV-A71.
no cross-immunity between the various types of viruses, infants and young children are generally susceptible, and some adolescents can also be found to be infected.
EV-A71 vaccine only protects against hand, foot and mouth disease caused by EV-A71 infection and does not prevent hand, foot and mouth disease caused by CV-A16 or other enterovirus.
children and recessive infections as the main source of infection, hand, foot and mouth disease recessive infection rate is high.
is an important mode of transmission of hand, foot and mouth disease and can also be transmitted through respiratory droplets, and water and food contaminated with the virus can also be infected.
institutions should actively do a good job in the prevention and control of hospital infections.
All kinds of medical institutions at all levels should strengthen pre-screening and misdiagnosis, there should be special clinics (Taiwan) to receive suspected cases of hand, foot and mouth disease; 500mg/L effective chlorine chlorine chlorine disinfectant, 0.5% peroxyacetic acid solution, etc. for disinfection, 75% ethanol and 5% su is not effective for enterovirus, should be washed with flowing water, alcohol-free hand sanitizer is not effective.
it is not recommended to disinfect indoor air by spraying disinfectant.
Noel virus infection Noel virus mutation fast, strong environmental resistance, low infection dose, short incubation period after infection, long detox time, short immunization protection time, and a variety of transmission routes, the general susceptible of the whole population, often in schools, child care institutions and other collective units to form a cluster outbreak, noel virus is the world's acute gastroenteritis transmission cases and outbreaks of the main pathogens.
prevention and control mainly uses non-drug preventive measures, including case management, hand hygiene, environmental disinfection, food and water safety management, risk assessment and health education.
measures apply to both aggregation and the handling of outbreaks, as well as to the prevention and control of the distribution of cases.
specific measures are as follows: Case management should isolate cases from 72 h after their acute phase to the complete disappearance of symptoms.
recessive infected persons from noel virus nucleic acid test positive within 72 h home isolation, it is recommended to food practitioners to adopt a more stringent case management strategy, need to continue 2 d feces or swab noovirus nucleic acid test negative before they can be on duty.
good hand hygiene is the most important and effective measure to prevent noovirus infection and control transmission.
hands properly in a 6-step wash, using soap and flowing water to wash at least 20 s.
virus belongs to the hydro-hydrovirus, alcohol is difficult to kill, noel virus epidemic needs to use flowing water and soap to wash hands.
institutions such as schools, child-care institutions and old-age institutions shall establish a daily environmental cleaning and disinfection system.
chemical disinfectant is one of the main methods to stop the spread of noru virus through contaminated environment or the surface of articles, the most commonly used chlorine-containing disinfectant, according to the product description is now ready-made.
noel virus infection cluster or outbreak, should do a good job of disinfection, environmental object surface, ground, wall can be used 500mg / L effective chlorine chlorine-containing disinfectant wipe disinfection.
visible contaminants should be removed before disinfection.
patient household items such as tableware, potty, etc. can be soaked or wiped with 500 mg/L effective chlorine-containing disinfectant.
should avoid aerosols or dust during disinfection and cleaning processes.
cleaning and disinfection personnel should wear personal protective equipment in accordance with standard precautions.
strengthen the health management of food practitioners, water safety management.
Disease prevention and control agencies in real time to carry out epidemic development trend research and risk assessment, epidemic season, norovirus infection prevention and control knowledge publicity, improve community awareness of prevention and control, develop the healthy habits of washing hands, not drinking raw water, raw cooked food separate, avoid cross-contamination and other healthy habits.
: 1. Zhang Ping, Zhang Jing. Status of surveillance of other infectious diarrhea in China 2014-2015. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology, 2017. 38 (4): 424-430.2. WS/T 367-2012 Technical Specifications for Disinfection of Medical Institutions 3. WS/T512-2016 Regulations for the Management of Environmental Surface Cleaning and Disinfection in Medical Institutions 4. Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, et al. 2007 guideline for isolation presautions: preventing transmission of agents in health care settings. Am J Infect Control, 35: S65-S164.5. Guide to the Prevention and Control of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease 2018 Edition 6. Liao Qiaohong, Ran Lu, Yan, etc. Noru Virus Outbreak Investigation and Prevention and Control Technical Guide (2015 edition). Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2016. 50(1): 7-16. Huashan Infection Source: Huashan Infection Copyright Notice: All text, images and audio and video materials on this website that indicate "Source: Mets Medicine" or "Source: MedSci Original" are owned by Mets Medical, and are not authorized to be reproduced by any media, website or individual, and are authorized to be reproduced with the words "Source: Mets Medicine".
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