How does Ceredida NADH, known as the third generation NMN, play an anti-aging role?

NADH's anti-decay effect by improving the level of NAD-plus reflects that NADH is also a prototype niacin adenine dinucleotide, according to the international authoritative medical health information platform - the United States WebMD website, NADH is niacin adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-hydrogen (H), and has the effect of delaying aging.
NADH is anti-aging because it is extremely unstable and can quickly be broken down into NAD-plus, hydrogen (H) and provide energy in the body.
some "fake science" believe that external supplementation of NADH is to improve the level of NADH in the body, in fact, NADH anti-aging effect, mainly through ingestion decomposed into NAD plus, improve the level of NAD plus in the body to reflect.
The U.S. WebMD website, an international medical health information platform, describes NADH as NAD-H (the first red box) and has the effect of slowing down aging (the second red box).
website: NAD plus full name niacin adenine dinucleotide, also known as coenzyme I. is an important coenzyme, involved in thousands of reactions.
believe that raising levels of NAD plus in the body could fight aging.
a lot of specific papers, a little search to look up can know, here is no longer repeated.
, however, directly supplementing NAD plus cannot be absorbed by the human body, so the scientific community has been studying the relevant substances to supplement NAD plus, NADH is one of them.
NADH is a common dietary supplement in Europe and the United States, has been selling well for more than 20 years, to relieve fatigue, improve energy, improve sleep, mood, keep in shape are helpful.
But because NADH is unstable, high requirements for the production process, can be long-term preservation of high-efficiency NADH rare, difficult to widely promote, this is another topic, let's first understand, how does NADH enhance NAD plus?In May 2005, Weihai Ying, Zhu Keqing, and others at the University of California, San Francisco, who had nine Nobel Prizes, published a paper confirming that ingesting NAD plus levels could significantly improve NAD-plus levels.
results showed that NADH not only significantly increased in-cell NAD-plus levels, but also added the same concentration of NADH and NAD-plus, NADH can better protect cells than NAD-plus, reduce cell mortality, indicating that NADH has a stronger protective effect on cells.
above shows that the effect of adding 5mM NADH to normal cells after 22 hours shows a significant increase in THED-plus levels in cells.
shows that NADH can effectively raise the level of NAD plus.
: Zhu K, Swanson R A, Ying W. NADH can enter into astrocytes and block poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated astrocyte death. Neuroreport, 2005, 16 (11): 1209-1212.As can be seen from the figure above, NADH of 10uM can significantly reduce cell mortality, while NAD plus can be added to at least 100uM to significantly reduce cell mortality.
that NADH is more protective of cells than NAD-plus.
: Zhu K, Swanson R A, Ying W. NADH can enter into astrocytes and block poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated astrocyte death. Neuroreport, 2005, 16 (11): 1209-1212. In August 2007, Weihai Ying, Zhu Jing Ke and others published another study that showed that using lower concentrations of NADH led to a significant increase in NAD plus in cells, while NADH increases were not significant.
that NADH is extremely unstable and breaks down quickly into NAD-plus, hydrogen (H) and energy release (ATP) when it enters the cell.
above is a change in the concentration of NADH (A) and NAD plus (B) in cells after an hour of adding NADH to the cell.
can be found that all NADH concentrations increase in-cell NAD-plus levels, but when NADH is supplemented at low concentrations, NADH levels in cells do not change significantly.
: Lu H, Burns D, Garnier P, et al. P2X7 receptors mediate NADH transport across the plasma systems of astrocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical research communications, 2007, 362 (4): 946-950. It can be seen that the anti-aging effect of NADH, like other NAD-prebiotics NMN and NR, is achieved through NAD-plus.
a study published in October 2019 by the Nestle Institute of Health Sciences and Judith Giroud-Gerbetant of the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, among others, showed that raising NAD-plus levels through NADH would be an effective way to address the inefficiencies of some of the current prescient transformations.
sources: Giroud-Gerbetant J, Joffraud M, Giner M P, et al. A reduced form of nicotinamide riboside defins a new path for NAD s biosynthesis and acts as an orally bioavailable NAD s precursor . Molecular metabolism, 2019, 30: 192-202. The study found that by adding H to NR and NMN, it became NRH and NMNH, which significantly improved the efficiency of conversion to NAD plus.
NRH or NMNH, both need to be converted to NADH and then to NAD Plus.
From this, it is speculated that NADH is a more efficient NAD plus supplement, but because NADH is extremely unstable and difficult to preserve, how to maintain the stability of NADH has become a difficult problem for scientists to overcome, scientists have been trying for many years to find ways to maintain NADH stability, we will discuss this later, the following to explore other potential benefits of NADH.
The study, published in the journal Cell in February 2020, found that levels of NADH and NADPH in ovarian cells decreased with age, leading to dysfunction and fertility in mice.
it has also been shown that supplementing NMN with NMN in infertile female mice during reproduction can improve NADH and NADPH levels in ovarian cells, thereby restoring ovarian cell quality and improving ovulation and fertility.
sources: Bertoldo M J, Listijono D R, Ho W H J, et al. NAD-Repletion Rescues Female Fertility through Aging . Cell reports, 2020, 30 (6): 1670-1681. e7. The study found lower levels of NADH and NADPH in ovarian cells in older mice (12 months) than in younger mice (4 to 5 weeks old), while NMN supplementation in older mice improved NADH and NADPH decline and restored them to younger levels.
Although it appears that NADH and NADPH levels recover with the addition of NMN, the authors note that fertility recovery is actually the effect of increased NAD plus levels, suggesting that elevated NADH and NADPH are ultimately converted to NAD plus for anti-aging and reproductive recovery purposes.
a similar view was published in Aging Cell, a paper published in August 2020 in Mitochondrial DNA research institute female financial aging via image of the NADH/NAD-redox.
study concluded that mitochondrial DNA mutations impaired the NADH/NAD-plus redox state by lowering NADH levels in ovarian cells, thereby reducing fertility in female mice.
NADH/NAD plus of ovarian cells can significantly improve infertility in female mice.
, it can be seen that improving the level of NADH and NAD plus has the potential to improve fertility.
NADH has 19 human clinical trials and 19 NADH human clinical trials, and 18 papers have been completed and published, led by research teams from university medical schools and hospitals in New York, Washington, D.C., Barcelona, Austria, Vienna, Croatia, And Poland.
clinical trials evaluated the effects of NADH on motor performance, chronic fatigue, neuro-cognitive degenerative diseases, mood disorders, jet lag, sleep, skin inflammation, and more.
positive results, NADH performs particularly well in some areas, such as improving fatigue, boosting energy, improving neuro/cognitive dysfunction, mood, exercise performance, etc.
these human trials have proved the safety and effectiveness of NADH.
NADH human clinical trial project NADH safety by the internationally recognized NADH application study since 1987, NADH in rats, dogs have been tested for animal toxicity, even at high concentrations, NADH did not appear obvious toxicity or side effects.
NADH has been approved as a nutrient on Drug Bank, the world's largest and most complete repository of drugs and drug targets.
NADH is also a natural product recognized in Canada and is NPN certified.
has announced nearly 20 human safety experiments, so far the history of human use has been more than 30 years.
based on data contained in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and the CFSAN Adverse Event Reporting System, there have never been reports of adverse events caused by oral NADH.
Drug Bank website shows that NADH is an approved nutrient, link: NADH safety has been widely recognized, and the effectiveness of more and more research has been confirmed, and NAD plus is closely related, and the promotion of NADH application is closely related to overcome its stability problems, one day, the production process will make NADH become a more common anti-aging dietary supplement.
: Zhu K, Swanson R A, Ying W. NADH can enter into astrocytes and block poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated astrocyte death. Neuroreport, 2005, 16 (11): 1209-1212. Lu H, Burns D, Garnier P, et al. P2X7 receptors mediate NADH transport across the plasma systems of astrocytes. Biochemical and Biophysical research communications, 2007, 362 (4): 946-950. Giroud-Gerbetant J, Joffraud M, Giner M P, et al. A reduced form of nicotinamide riboside defins a new path for NAD s biosynthesis and acts as an orally bioavailable NAD s precursor . Molecular metabolism, 2019, 30: 192-202. Bertoldo M J, Listijono D R, Ho W H J, et al. NAD-Repletion Rescues Female Fertility through Aging . Cell reports, 2020, 30 (6): 1670-1681. e7. Nadlinger K F R, Hallstrom S. On the safety of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (