How does the world cancer report on Cancer Prevention say?

In 2000, the International Union against cancer (UICC) and the World Health Organization (who) launched the world cancer day, which will be held on February 4 every year This year, on the 20th anniversary of World Cancer Day, the international agency for cancer research (IARC) released the world cancer report: Cancer Research for cancer prevention This report focuses on cancer prevention, describes many aspects of cancer prevention and research supporting prevention Based on the known causes of cancer, the factors that determine how cancer develops, and different types of cancer, the report provides a wide range of insights for cancer prevention and highlights some preventive measures We have combed and excerpted some of them for your reference and study Obesity is a risk factor for a variety of cancers, which will increase the risk of cancer in various organ parts There is strong evidence that obesity is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, renal, liver, esophageal and pancreatic cancer, while moderate evidence suggests that obesity is associated with gallbladder, oral, throat, ovarian, prostate (Advanced) and gastric cancer In addition, sedentary behavior is associated with an increased risk of breast, colon, endometrial, and lung cancer Active exercise and weight loss can reduce the risk of bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, renal cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer Research shows that the moderate intensity aerobic exercise of 150-300 minutes per week, or the intense aerobic exercise of 75-150 minutes per week, is related to the reduction of the risk of colorectal cancer (male), endometrial cancer, renal cancer and other seven cancers, and with the increase of the amount of exercise, the risk of cancer also decreases Outdoor and indoor air pollution is an important carcinogen In 2017, air pollution alone caused about 350000 deaths from lung cancer worldwide Drinking water, or water used for agricultural irrigation, may be contaminated by naturally occurring carcinogens, such as arsenic, or human carcinogens, including Chlorinators, and perfluoroalkyl acids In addition, water pollution may also be caused by soil pollution and lead to food chain pollution Taking actions, such as using air purifier, wearing filter mask, reducing the time of exposure to polluted environment, purifying drinking water, etc., can effectively reduce the contact with carcinogens Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor of cervical cancer In addition to cervical cancer, HPV can also cause vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer, anal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer (posterior pharynx, including the root of tongue and tonsil) HPV vaccination can help reduce the risk of HPV related cancer 70% - 75% of cervical cancer and 40% - 60% of cervical precancerous lesions are caused by HPV16 and HPV18 Since 2006, there have been three kinds of preventive vaccines available, including bivalent, tetravalent and ninvalent HPV vaccines containing HPV16 and HPV18 antigens, which have highly protective effects on infection and precancerous lesions related to these virus types A large number of studies have proved the safety and efficiency of HPV vaccine, especially for young girls, who are the priority targets of HPV vaccination In 2018, the World Health Organization (who) called for global joint action to eliminate cervical cancer, and developed triple interventions, one of which is the coverage rate of HPV vaccine reached 90% Through screening or early diagnosis, deaths caused by sporadic cancers (i.e cancers with no family history or genetic DNA carcinogenic mutations) can be prevented Early detection of cancer is an important part of cancer control Early screening is a useful tool for cancer detection and treatment Incidence rate and mortality rate of cancer are of great significance The earlier cancer is found, the more likely a person is to survive Cancer screening methods should ensure that their harm does not outweigh their benefits Now many cancer screening methods have been better Medical experts have also developed some cancer screening guidelines, pointing out who is suitable for screening, what method to use, and how often to do it The analysis of tumor derived products in body fluids, including circulating acellular tumor DNA and related biomarkers, is increasingly considered to be helpful for the early diagnosis of malignant diseases; the progress of a new generation of sequencing technology is also paving the way for the development of early detection and diagnosis technology of cancer and the introduction of precision medicine into clinical practice The highest incidence rate of skin cancer is in areas with high levels of solar radiation, mainly white skin populations, such as Australia and New Zealand Ultraviolet radiation can directly or indirectly induce DNA damage, cause mutation, cause inflammation and immunosuppression, and lead to skin cancer Ultraviolet radiation itself and the inflammation caused by ultraviolet radiation can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species These reactive oxygen species also cause DNA damage, increasing the frequency of mutations In addition, lipid peroxidation caused by ultraviolet and reactive oxygen species may also increase the possibility of immunosuppression The most effective way to reduce the incidence rate of skin cancer is to avoid unnecessary sunlight and take sunscreen measures in the sun, such as sunscreen, sunshade, sunglasses, etc The use of tobacco products remains a major cause of global cancer Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain more than thousands of chemicals, more than 70 of which have been identified by IARC as carcinogens in humans and / or animals Smoking can cause a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and so on With the deepening of research, the number of cancer types caused by tobacco products continues to increase Although significant progress has been made in tobacco control globally, it is far from enough About 2.4 million people die of tobacco related cancer every year in the world Early quitting smoking, controlling and reducing the use of tobacco products will play a positive role in reducing the diseases and deaths caused by tobacco products Cancer is a result of many factors Although there are many ways to reduce cancer risk, the mortality rate of cancer has also declined But these methods have not yet been achieved and there is still room for improvement Therefore, efforts should be made to reduce the incidence rate and mortality of cancer.