How is the intestinal flora constructed? Baby gut flora built into "3 steps"

Intestinal microbes are known as the "second genome" of humans and an "invisible" organ in the human body.
how are these amazing and diverse gut flora constructed? To find out, scientists at Baylor College of Medicine and the Broad Institute date back to the early stages of life - they found that baby gut flora undergoes three important stages, during which breastfeeding is critical! On October 24th two articles in the journal Nature revealed the latest research around "baby gut microbes," including the development of the microbiome and the associations between diabetes and breastfeeding.
both articles analyzed from the same project, TEDDY, six clinical research centers in the United States, Sweden, Finland and Germany that have been conducting and have been working on it for 10 years to analyze the causes of type 1 diabetes in children, and are one of the largest clinical microbiology studies ever conducted in infants.
, the team from Baylor College of Medicine analyzed 12,005 fecal samples from 903 infants (ages 3-46 months) collected by the Clinical Research Center to better understand the formation of gut microbes early in life. "
We know that in the first years of life, the microbiome is important.
newborn babies have very few microbiomes that grow richer in infancy. "In this study, we carefully analyzed the process of building the microbiome and the factors behind it," said Joseph Petrosino, a professor of molecular virology and microbiology at Baylor College of Medicine at
.
"1. In the early stages of life, the three stages of the formation of the intestinal flora were sequenced by 16S rRNA, and the researchers parsed the genetic data of all microorganisms and eventually determined that the growth of the gut microbiome in infancy would go through three different stages: 1) the stage of development (3-14 months), during which the gut The bacteria are mainly Bifidobacteria, 2) the transition period (15-30 months), the transitional intestinal bacteria began to diversify, increased to 4-8 communities, 3) the stabilization phase (31-46 months), into the stable period of the intestinal flora change is small.
2. Critical breastfeeding has long been considered beneficial to infants, and epidemiological evidence suggests that breastfeeding in early in fancy life can reduce the risk of developing diseases such as allergies and obesity later in life.
new research reveals that both pure and partial lying in the infant's gut have more bifyphilican(Bifidoum breve), Bifidoum blitheform, two types of beneficial bacteria that are prevalent early in life, both derived from breast milk.
for breastfed babies, once breast milk is stopped, Bifidobacteria in the baby's body will decrease rapidly.
at the same time, the microbiome in infants changes rapidly, and most Bifidobacteria disappear, replaced by an increase in thick-walled bacteria.
thick-walled bacteria are a typical adult microbiome that appears much faster than experts expect once breastfeeding is stopped.
this means that the intestinal flora quickly enters the stabilization phase through the transition phase.
researchers speculate that as breast milk decreases/stops, babies come into contact with increased food, which delivers different nutrients to the intestines, altering the structure of the gut flora.
in addition, siblings, pets, and the geographic location of life are also factors that contribute to differences in the structure of the microbiome.
. With regard to diabetes in another article, entitled "The Human Gut microbiome in-onset type 1 diabetes from TEDDY study", the scientists analyzed the characteristics of the early intestinal microbiome in children with type 1 diabetes.
results showed that healthy infants had more genes associated with short-chain fatty acid synthesis.
combined with existing research, the team believes the genes may be protective. there are many factors affecting the structure of the microbiome
, and the mode of delivery, antibiotics, diet, etc. are key. What
is a healthy microbiome? There is no uniform standard.
"Having a diverse microbiome is generally considered beneficial, but we still don't fully understand which microbial signals are conducive to growth and development in the early stages of life."
," says Joseph Petrosino.
there are still many gaps to explore in this area.
Source: Biological Exploration.