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    Home > Active Ingredient News > Drugs Articles > How to decoct traditional Chinese medicine in Zisha pot

    How to decoct traditional Chinese medicine in Zisha pot

    • Last Update: 2010-04-07
    • Source: Internet
    • Author: User
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    Purple sand medicine pot is heated separately The electric heating device is designed outside the inner tank The inner tank is made of purple sand with smooth surface, compact structure, strong air permeability, easy to clean and no medicine smell, and has fresh-keeping function Compared with the casserole, the heating is faster and the advantages of the casserole are retained The home decocting medicine can be adopted In hospitals and pharmacies, the modern decocting device with stainless steel as decocting utensils is widely used Stainless steel is light, fast heated, acid resistant, corrosion-resistant, and stable in chemical properties It is a very good decocting utensil Home decoctions are usually heated by coal stove or liquefied gas At present, in hospitals and pharmacies, steam TCM decocting furnace, multi-functional automatic TCM decocting device, porous far-infrared TCM decocting furnace and TCM decocting machine are mostly heated by steam or electricity It has a great influence on the decocting rate by directly frying or smashing the pieces If the drug is crushed properly, the contact surface between the drug and the solvent can be increased no matter the coarse powder or the granule, which is beneficial to the decocting of the active ingredients The results showed that the decocting rate of half dose granules was higher than that of full dose pieces Schisandra chinensis and Ophiopogon japonicus were decocted under the same conditions and the solid substance was determined There are seven obvious spots on the Schisandra chinensis which is not comminuted, but not comminuted Dalian Friendship Hospital used Danshen Xiaoyu Decoction 170g and Danshen Xiaoyu powder 6G to treat atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer It can be seen from the above that the dissolution rate of the medicinal materials is improved after being comminuted, the ingredients are easier to leach, and the curative effect is better As for the comminuted grain size, Dong Xiaohan thought that the grain size of rhizome and fruit should be 2-0.28mm Of course, there are many problems in the smashed pieces of medicinal materials, such as difficult identification of medicinal materials; volatile components are easy to lose; liquid medicine is difficult to remove, easy to mix with dregs and so on For this reason, five anti paper wrapping decocting methods were put forward When the drug in the bag was more than 5g, the concentration of the drug did not increase due to the increase of dosage The main reason was that the gel barrier was blocked by the powder in the bag, which hindered the further dissolution Therefore, when the decoction is made, the powder can be directly contacted with boiling water and stir continuously, so that the gel barrier can be overcome The feasibility of this method needs to be confirmed by experimental research For machine decoction, especially the way of pressurized decoction, there are some problems, such as the medicine liquid is difficult to be removed, the medicine bag is easy to be crushed, so that the decoction machine is full of crude powder of medicine, cleaning is difficult, and the operability is not strong Therefore, there are still many problems in the method of smashing the pieces and then frying them It is necessary to further study and determine the dosage conversion, use specifications, and decocting methods, decocting time, preservation methods and other issues Generally, the medicine to be decocted should be soaked in cold water, in which flowers, stems and leaves should be soaked for 20-30 minutes, and roots, rhizomes, seeds and fruits should be soaked for about 50 minutes Therefore, 40-50min is suitable for the general compound medicament Summer can be reduced, winter can be increased Wang pointed out that the drugs containing volatile oil, glycosides and vitamins, such as mint, notopterygium root and surface resolving drugs, should be decocted in cold soak to avoid the volatilization of effective ingredients in long-term decocting with water vapor; some drugs rich in high molecular components such as starch and protein, such as smallpox powder, yam and tuckahoe, can be soaked and expanded more easily in isothermal soak than in cold soak It is worth noting that the components of traditional Chinese medicine are complex, glycosides and enzymes are often accompanied Warm soaking can increase the activity of enzyme, promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosides, and generate aglycones or secondary glycosides Zhao Haifeng pointed out that the drugs easy to hydrolyze the active ingredients should not be soaked For example, the decoction of isatis root in boiling water at 100 ℃ can prevent the hydrolysis of Solanin and improve the clinical effect Therefore, on the premise of keeping the general principle, the soaking time and temperature of drugs should also consider the influence of seasons and the properties of drug ingredients For the complex prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, we should pay more attention to the nature of most drugs and adopt the way of cold soak The amount of water added to Decoction of traditional Chinese medicine takes water as the solvent for decocting The traditional amount of water added is generally 2-3cm after immersion, and the liquid level of the second decoction is level with the surface of the medicine It is difficult to ensure the quantity of Decoction and the effect of Decoction by adding water because of the different texture, prescription, cooking temperature and time of decoction Wang Lizhi tested 53 different kinds of drugs by soaking and without pressing The results showed that the average absorption capacity was 1.62ml/g, and the evaporation capacity of Wuhuo and Wenhuo were 19mL / min and 9ml / min, respectively Then, the first Decoction added water quantity Q (ML) = absorption capacity K (ml / g) × total weight of decoction pieces w (g) + expected drug quantity R (ML) + evaporation coefficient V (ml / min) × decoction time t (min), second Decoction added water quantity Q (ML) = absorption capacity K (ml / g) × decoction pieces total weight W (g) + expected drug quantity R (ML) + evaporation coefficient V (ml / min) × decoction time t (min) Water quantity Q (ML) = expected quantity R (ML) + evaporation V (ml / min) × decocting time t (min) Through field verification, the calculation error of this formula is no more than 10%, which is scientific and convenient, and has guiding significance for the water addition of Decoction in casserole Hao Qingchun determined the water absorption of 489 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces by the method of pressure decocting, and proved that the water absorption of single Chinese herbal pieces was saturated It can be used for reference to determine the amount of water added to the pressurized traditional Chinese medicine decocting machine, but the disadvantage is that the residue of this method is not pressed, so the result may be smaller Li Tong et al Chose 50 different prescriptions, based on the experience of adding water, according to the formula q = k × W + R + V × T, calculated the average water absorption coefficient of 1.7338 This method uses the traditional Chinese medicine decocting machine to decoct, and the dregs are pressed, which is of great significance to guide the traditional Chinese medicine decocting machine to add water, but there are also shortcomings In the process of the machine decocting, the pipeline of traditional Chinese medicine liquid is easy to lose, which needs to be taken into account when calculating the water addition According to the relevant literature and experimental research, I have got a practical formula of water adding amount in practical work: frying in casserole q = k × W + R + V × T, k = 2.0ml/g, v = 13.1ml/min, the water adding amount of the first and second frying is 7:3 Donghua pressurized Decoction q = k × W + R + Z, k = 1.08ml/g, z = loss of about 200ml Decocting time of traditional Chinese medicine decocting is generally to be decocting in a gentle fire until it is slightly boiling, and then decocting in a gentle fire The decocting time is determined by the decocting time in a gentle fire The "Jing Fang" in Zhang Zhongjing's treatise on febrile diseases has no requirement for the decoction time Generally, the decoction time is controlled according to the amount of added solvent and decoction Most of the decoction were decocted to about 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the added solvent Some prescriptions also control the time of decoction according to the degree of decoction of some drugs in the prescriptions This method can not realize the standardized operation of decoction of traditional Chinese medicine The decoction time and times are stipulated in Chinese medicine pharmaceutics as follows: Decoction of jiebiao medicine for 10-15min, decoction for 10min; Decoction of tonic medicine for 30-40min, decoction for 25-30min; decoction for general medicine for 20-25min, decoction for 15-20min At present, this method is also widely used in casserole boiling Rong Shuyu put forward a shorter time to fry the volatile components, and a longer time to fry the insoluble components Mix the two decoctions and take them separately Moreover, the chemical composition test, the specific gravity of the decoction, the extract test and the pharmacological test show that the decoction twice is reasonable A long time frying can't replace two times frying Zhao Haifeng, from the relationship between the therapeutic effect of drugs and the decocting time, thought that the decocting time of the essential oil of Ephedra should be short, and that of ephedrine for antiasthma should be long; the decocting time of rhubarb combined with anthraquinone for diarrhea should be short, and that of tannin for diarrhea relief should be long Therefore, the decocting time of decoction should be determined according to the drug properties and clinical requirements For machine decoction, the time of decoction is different from that of casserole Especially in the way of pressurized decoction, because of high temperature and high pressure decoction, the extraction efficiency of decoction pieces is high in unit time, so the decoction time is shorter than that of casserole decoction From the practical work, the decoction of general surface resolving medicine is 20min, that of general medicine is 30min, and that of tonic medicine is 40min For the drugs that need to be decocted first, Mei Quanxi found that the effective components of minerals, animal shells and fossil drugs were decocted for 30 minutes and 60 minutes after being processed and comminuted However, there is a big difference in the decoction of animal bones, such as tortoise shell and turtle shell, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after being processed and broken Sun Jianmin compared the smashing degree and the quantity of gypsum, the rate of over 60 mesh can reach 100% It is suggested that Zui can effectively increase the solubility of mineral, oracle bone and shell traditional Chinese medicine, which should be smashed into 60 mesh decoction When the machine decocting method is used for decocting drugs, the drugs that need to be decocting first, such as minerals, animal shells and fossils, can also be smashed into coarse powder and decocting together with other drugs When the medicine with fragrant or heat-resistant odor needs to be prepared, Wang Jingxian thinks that the medicine with loose texture and low boiling point of volatile oil, such as peppermint and Schizonepeta, is suitable to be boiled for about 10min generally; the medicine with hard texture and high boiling point of volatile oil, such as forsythia and fennel, does not need to be prepared later, but is suitable to be boiled for 30min generally However, the new research shows that the content of Zui in the essential oil of peppermint is high when it is decocted for 30 minutes Liu Ligan proposed two methods to improve the latter method (1) adding cold water, adding 50-100ml of cold water into the decoction, and then adding the latter to decoct the same Decoction with other drugs for 5-10min (2) Adjust the decocting temperature When the medicine soup is cooked thoroughly with Wu Huo, use a gentle fire instead, add a little cold water, and then add the medicine Qian Yongchang proposed to replace the traditional method with bag foaming agent The next medicinal materials will be crushed into 16 mesh powder and put into a filter paper bag with good permeability, immersion resistance and high mechanical strength, and then put into the decoction of the medicine juice for 1 hour and pour out the extract This method is good for the retention of volatile and non heat resistant components These are all beneficial improvements to the latter method, which can be used for reference in practical operation The number of times of decocting is because the effective components of the drug are first dissolved in the water entering the tissue of the drug, and then diffused into the solution outside the drug When the concentration of the solution inside and outside the drug reaches the balance, the effective components will no longer be dissolved due to the osmotic pressure balance At this time, only by filtering out the liquid medicine and boiling it with water again can the effective ingredients continue to dissolve In order to make full use of the medicinal materials, avoid waste and give full play to the efficacy, one dose of Zui can be decocted twice or three times Generally, the decoction is twice, and the tonic can be added once The research on the times of decocting is almost the same The rate of decocting is about 30% in one time, 40% - 50% in two times and 70% - 80% in two times However, only 20% of them were fried in three or four ways From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine decocting machine, too many times of decocting, one is not conducive to energy conservation, and the other is that the composition of medicine may change after pressure during decocting Therefore, the traditional Chinese medicine decocting machine generally adopts one-time decocting Boiling temperature and pressure for casserole decoction, generally in the state of atmospheric pressure, first heated by fire, then heated by gentle fire after boiling, boiling temperature is not too much involved For traditional Chinese medicine decocting machines, some are under normal pressure, some are under pressure Temperature requirements are also different The choice of temperature and pressure is closely related to the quality of the drug and the nature of the active ingredients Donghua pressure decocting machine decocting drugs, Yang Ling, etc set the temperature to 110 ℃, and the pressure to 1-1.25kg Song Xiaoyong and other researchers think that the decocting conditions should be 115 ℃, 0.7kg/cm2 In the process of pressure decocting, the increase of temperature and pressure can improve the extraction rate of decoction pieces, but it is not that the higher the temperature and pressure is, the higher the decocting rate is, and a suitable range is needed In the practical operation and experimental research, it is preliminarily considered that the temperature of 110 ℃ ~ 115 ℃ is suitable, and the temperature is beyond this range
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