How to solve the lack of population diversity in genome-wide association research.

The vast majority of the data collected by genes comes from people of European descent, but researchers are trying to change that.
when Kent Taylor, a geneticist at the Los Angeles Institute of Biomedical Research, started writing a paper two years ago that funded research into the genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Hispanics, he couldn't find much research data.
he consulted with all published genome-wide association studies, known as the GBAS catalog, and found 19 items about type 2 diabetes in Europeans, 14 in Asia, 3 in Spain, 1 in Mexico and 1 in Arizona Indians in the United States.
In genetic epidemiology, genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) is a way to detect all or most of the genes between different individuals in a particular species to see how much the genes change between different individuals.
different changes bring different symptoms, such as different diseases.
Eighty-one percent of the samples in genome-wide association studies are of European descent These genome-wide association studies scan the DNA of many people, but in these genomics studies, a large number of population groups, such as Africans, Latinos, and indigenous or indigenous peoples, are very small.
this information, the researchers may not have found the key genetic factors that play a role in disease susceptibility and drug response in different populations.
explains that the GTAS catalog is the most important tool in modern genetics, but it's clear that the catalog is not complete at all.
we need genome diversity in order to build a "genome infrastructure" that researchers can use to study diseases in different populations.
recent analysis published in the journal Nature showed that 81 percent of the participants in these genome-wide association studies were of European descent.
african, Latin American, indigenous or indigenous individuals, accounting for less than 4 per cent of all genomic samples analysed.
Although the overall diversity of genome-wide association studies has increased since 2009, when 96 per cent of the data came from European data, the increase was mainly due to a significant increase in population data in Asia and minimal genetic diversity from marginal growth in other populations.
In poor areas, chronic diseases require genomics support, says Adeyemo, deputy director of the Genomics and Global Health Research Center at the National Human Genome Research Institute(NHGR), a part of the National Institutes of Health, and the research community tends to believe that poorer countries, such as Africa, Asia, and Central and South America, don't really need genomics research right now because the biggest killers in these places are infectious diseases.
chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease, are also on the rise in low-income countries, but more genomic research is needed to understand the key factors in different populations of these diseases.
an international research group called the African Human Genetics and Health Initiative (H3Africa) is working to increase researchers' understanding of genetics in African populations.
project, which includes research on 14 different diseases, is collecting data from genome-wide association studies and, individual genome sequencing data, has thousands of participants.
effort to increase diversity in genomics research is the Hispanic Population Health Study, launched by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2013.
the study, which will include 16,000 participants, aims to build cardiovascular and lung diseases and chronic diseases.
but Taylor says Hispanics and other Latinos have so much genetic diversity that more research is needed.
NIH is also conducting a 30-year study of The Genetic Risk of American Indian Men and Women and Their Cardiovascular Disease.
Illumina and 23andMe are developing African microarray chips, and companies like Illumina and 23andMe are developing new tools to help researchers like the program explore genetic variations in different population groups.
Illumina is working with H3Africa to develop a microarray chip, a laboratory test chip used to determine genetic differences in populations, primarily information from people of African descent, rather than for any other commercial purpose.
genetic testing company Illumina is developing a laboratory test chip to promote more research into the genetic diversity of Africans The array will include 2.5 million genetic variants that appear in the African population, with information from genome samples collected by H3Africa from 3,000 people.
showed more genetic diversity than Illumina's current tests of genetic information from fewer than 700 Africans.
last year, Illumina provided a new array for people of different races.
Julie Collens, senior manager of market development at
Illumina, says Africans need a microarray chip because of the region's high genetic diversity, where as previous arrays included only a small portion of genetic information from Africa.
total of 28 microarray chips for human genetic research, including chips for specific diseases such as immune diseases and mental illness, and of course Chinese groups.
addition, 23andMe announced that it was building a reference database containing the full genome sequences of the company's African-American customers, who agreed to participate in the study.
, a senior scientist and statistical geneticist at 23andMe, said the company's goal is to include sequences of more than 900 people in the database, which will eventually be shared with NIH and made available to researchers.
, most genome-wide sequences have been done in people of European descent.
Adeyemo says the new tools will certainly help, their introduction does not represent a major shift in genomics research.
embarrassing situation is that researchers must conduct research in non-European populations, then scientific organizations around the world must provide funding to support these studies.
after all, there is no financial support, all scientific research projects are empty.
source: arterial network.