Hypertension: A high-salt diet alters the body's gut microbiome, which in turn causes high blood pressure

Introduction: The influence of intestinal microorganisms on human health is one of the most popular fields in recent years, and a large number of studies have shown that intestinal microorganisms play an important role in the health of the bodyA recent article published in the journal Hypertension confirmed for the first time that salt intake in the body is associated with the human microbiome, which in turn affects blood pressure levelsan earlier study published in Nature showed that a high-salt diet affected the gut microbiome in miceA recent report by scientists at Augusta University has shown for the first time that a reduction in salt intake in the body can alter the gut microbiome in the body, reducing blood pressure, especially in untreated women with high blood pressurein blood samples from 145 untreated patients with high blood pressure, the researchers found that just six weeks of sodium salt intake, recommended by the American Heart Association, increased levels of short-chain fatty acids, an indicator of a healthy microbiome, circulated in the bloodThese patients with hypertension experience a decrease in blood pressure, which increases complianceblood vessels"There is growing evidence that the microbiome plays a direct role in regulating blood pressure and how the average American blood pressure rises," said DrHaidong Zhu, a molecular geneticist at the GeorgePreventionCenter at the GeorgeSchool of Medicine at Augusta University in Augusta,the study's author, Zhu, said the scientists were known to be the first to study how a reduction in salt intake affects circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the bodyEmerging evidence suggests that a high-salt diet alters the gut microbiome, especially in animal models of salt-sensitive hypertension, but there is little human datagut microbiome is all the bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi that live in your gastrointestinal tract, and they have a variety of functions, from helpingdigest foods to immune responses to the tendency to affect weight gain The microbiome is associated with a range of diseases, from cancer to gastrointestinal problems to allergies short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in adjusting blood pressure These small metabolites from the intestines are absorbed into the entire circulatory system, binding to the lining of blood vessels and receptors in the kidneys, regulating the release of renin Renin is an enzyme that can make the kidney perfusion well and is the main factor in blood pressure control The level of short-chain fatty acids in the blood is considered an indicator of the health of the gut microbiome the researchers hypothesized that a modest reduction in salt intake would change the concentration of circulating short-chain fatty acids, thereby lowering blood pressure researchers surveyed blacks, whites, Asians, both men and women between the ages of 30 and 75, all of whom had high blood pressure but had not been treated They also took part in early studies at Queen Mary University of London Withnotruced stool samples from the study participants, the researchers were unable to look more directly at the gut microbiome and could only measure circulating SCFAs, the main metabolites produced by the gut microbiome Over a two-week period, all the subjects were given detailed instructions from nurses on how to reduce their sodium intake to about 2,000 milligrams a day In the randomized placebo-controlled study, half of the participants took sodium or placebo tablets nine times a day for six weeks and then changed groups for the experiment researchers found that the reduction in sodium saltincreased eight SCFAs, the ultimate product of fiber fermentation consumed by the microbiome There are no natural enzymes in the human body to digest these fibers They found that elevated levels of SCFAs were always associated with lower blood pressure and increased vascular elasticity Long-term high salt intake can lead to higher blood pressure in both men and women, and as salt intake decreases, both men and women have lowered blood pressure, which is most pronounced in women, Zhu said Although the microbiome in people's bodies is slightly different due to factors such as diet and the environment, the differences between men and women are consistent in general examples of 24-hour systolic pressure (the highest number of stress shhesidoses when the heart contracts) in the low-salt diet group and the high-salt diet group, women's systolic pressure was almost 5 points lower, while in men it was a little lower than 3 points Blood pressure also dropped at night as a key time for heart and body rest, with women's systolic blood pressure dropping by nearly 5 points and men's systolic blood pressure dropping by nearly 3 points as salt intake decreased future, MCG researchers want to do a large-scale study and also take stool samples to more intuitively assess microbial content and health and see if the gender differences they find are valid , published in Nature in 2017, showed that a high-salt diet affects the gut microbiome in mice, especially lactic acid bacteria, a major microorganism in the gut that suppresses inflammation and raises blood pressure; A small pilot study on humans has also confirmed the effects of gut microbes, and German researchers appear to be the first to highlight the health of the gut microbiome as a contributing factor to high blood pressure