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identification of alkaloids1. Preparation of the inspection solution:
to take crushed plant samples of about 2g, add distilled water 20 to 30 ml, and add a few drops of hydrochloric acid, so that acidic. Heat the water bath at 60 degrees C
for
15 minutes,
filter
, the filter for the following tests.2. Identification of alkaloid components:
Alkaloid components (with a few exceptions) are associated with a variety of alkaloid precipitation
reagents
and precipitate reactions in acidic solutions (water or sol). Operation is as follows:
(1) take four servings of acid-containing water immersion (about 1 ml each), respectively, drop iodized -potassium iodide, potassium iodide reagents, potassium iodide reagents, silicon tungsten acid reagents. If all four have or most of the precipitation reaction, indicating that the sample may contain alkaloids, and then carry out the next test, further identification.
(2) take the rest of the acid immersion solution, plus Na2CO3 solution is alkaline, subdission
fuel
, add ether about 10 ml vibration, sit down after the division of the ether layer, and then use ether 3 ml, such as pre-extraction, combined ether solution. The ether liquid is placed in the liquid funnel, add acid water 10 ml vibration, static layering, division of acid water, and then acid water 5 ml as before extraction, combined acid water, so acid withdrawal four parts, respectively, the following precipitation reaction.
a. Mercury iodide potassium reagent (Mayer reagent): Acid water droplets of potassium iodide reagent, resulting in white precipitation.
b. Dragendorff reagent: Acid water droplets iodized potassium hydrate reagent to produce orange or red-brown precipitation.
c. Potassium iodide reagent (Wagner reagent): Acid water droplet iodization-potassium iodide reagent, producing brown precipitation.
d. Silicate reagents: Acid water extract droplets with silicon tungsten acid reagents produce pale yellow or gray-white precipitation.
the acid water picker and the above four reagents are (or mostly) to produce a precipitation reaction, that is, indicates that this sample contains alkaloids.
(3) Note: Above (1), (2) precipitation reaction results: how much of the precipitation is expressed as """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" If (1) the test is all negative reaction, several other alkaloid precipitation reagents (reference to relevant information) can be selected for testing, if still negative reaction, can deny the presence of alkaloids in the sample, there is no need to carry out (2) tests..