Immune cell receptors can be used as "barcode" trackers to identify anti-cancer immune cells

Australian scientists have developed a technique to identify rare immune cells in the event of cancerUsing the technique, scientists used the technique to track for the first time the evolution of immune cells in tumor tissue, revealing how to better arm the immune system to target cancerThe study was published in the new issue of the journal Nature CommunicationsDOI: 10.1038 / s41467-019-11049-4"see" the cancer of rare immune cellsimmune system "Humha II" (T-cells and B cells) express different receptors on the cell surface, when these cells are stimulated by antigens, will be split replication (or cloning) amplificationImmune cell receptors can be used as unique "clone barcodes" to provide information about antigen specificityin the search for these immune cells, the previous method was to read long sequences of RNA encoded t-cell and B-cell receptors at the single-cell levelHowever, existing techniques cannot select thousands of cells present in tumors at onceThousands of cells must be classified to find those cloned cells, which may represent only a small fraction of all immune cells in the tumorIn addition, while the development of long-sequence reading technology can solve the problem of sequence reading length in genome sequencing, this method usually has a higher error rate and a lower sequencing depthto overcome these difficulties, the researchers developed the "RAGE-seq" technology in one of four different genome sequencing techniques (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, 10X Genomics, Illumina and CaptureSeq)they first developed a way to enrich RNA from single cells, targeting RNA that encodes immune cell receptorsThe corresponding calculation tools have then been developed so that the full-length sequence of immune cell receptors can be sequenced accuratelyPicture: Martin Smith
RAGE-seq works like a "barcode tracker"RAGE-seq scans immune cell receptors in thousands of cells to provide an accurate "snapshot" of the relationshipbetween immune cells in tissue samples and determine which immune cells may be effective for cancer Because this technique isolates specific lymphocytes differently from traditional methods, it can be used to trace low-abundance lymphocytes "This approach provides us with the most detailed view to date of how immune cells operate in the human body," said Dr Chris Goodnow, executive director of the Garvan Institute at Immune cells play an important role in the development of disease This approach shows great potential to help us personalize cancer treatment to test this technique, the researchers tested the cytomes of tumors and lymph nodes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer to track transcription algector maps of amplified lymphocyte clones and explore how immune system cells respond to cancer The team identified the presence of many related cells in both tissues and revealed specific genetic characteristics of the immune response in the patient's tumor an important application of RAGE-Seq is the ability to track cloning related T or B cells in tissues for systematic insight into the evolution of immune responses It can analyze lymphocytes in tumors and their drained lymph nodes, the assumed sites of antigen profiling, and the source of tumor-soaked lymphocytes (TILs) this ability to identify rare immune system cells in tumor tissue can help guide personalized treatment Pharmaceutical companies can better understand the immune system's response to cancer through solutions provided by RAGE-seq "We hope that RAGE-seq will be implemented in clinical trials to provide critical information to help potential cancer treatments find the right patients faster," Professor Goodnow said the team is now applying the technique to samples of melanoma patients to see why half of those who receiveimmuno therapy have a poor response The researchers believe the method could also be used to better understand autoimmune and inflammatory diseases References: s1 s a genomic barcode tracker for immune cells s2, Anticancer Immune Cells, IdentifiIdentifi Using Using Pathogen Szadd Espresso,
original title: Nature Subs: Battle HornSie! "Barcode" tracker identifies anti-cancer immune cells