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Written byWang CongEditor
Wang Duoyu TypesettingColorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world.
Nearly 2 million new cases occur each year (second only to breast and lung cancer), causing nearly 1 million deaths per year (second only to lung cancer).
About 1 in 25 people will develop colorectal cancer
in their lifetime.
In China, the annual incidence of colorectal cancer is second only to liver cancer, and 560,000 new colorectal cancer patients
will be added in 2020.
What's more, the incidence of colorectal cancer in young people under the age of 50 has been rising
for nearly 30 years.
Urolithin A (UA) is made from ellagitannins rich (e.
g.
pomegranate, raspberry, etc.
).
Compounds produced by the metabolism of food in the gut flora can activate mitochondrial autophagy and improve mitochondrial health
.
On October 19, 2022, researchers from the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany, published a publication in Immunity, a top journal in the field of immunology, entitled "Expansion of T memory stem cells with superior anti-tumor immunity by" Research paper by Urolithin A-induced mitophagy.
T memory stem cells (Tscms) have a strong self-renewal and longer ability to survive, thereby preventing T cell depletion and promoting an effective anti-tumor T cell response
.
This study showed that urolithin A (UA), a metabolite of foods such as pomegranates, in the intestinal flora, can promote the expansion of T memory stem cells (Tscm) by activating mitochondrial autophagy, providing the immune system with rejuvenation.
Non-depleted T cells, thereby inhibiting cancer growth
by directly regulating the immune system.
Advanced colorectal cancer has a high mortality rate, and in recent years, immunotherapy has improved the early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, but unfortunately, not all patients respond to
these therapies.
A characteristic of cancer is immune dysfunction, in which immune cells that are supposed to fight tumors are specifically inhibited by the tissues surrounding the tumor and the tumor microenvironment, resulting in uncontrolled growth and spread
of tumors.
And this latest study is an important step
in addressing immune dysfunction in cancer patients.
The study showed that urolithin A can promote mitochondrial circulation and renewal by promoting the activation of mitochondrial autophagy, allowing aging and damaged mitochondria in T cells to be removed and replaced
by new healthy mitochondria.
This process alters the genetic program of T cells, increasing their ability to
fight tumors.
Research substitution demonstrates the therapeutic potential of urolithin A in two ways: on the one hand, urolithin A as a food, restricts tumor growth in preclinical mouse models, and also creates synergistic effects
with existing immunotherapies.
On the other hand, urolithin A has also shown effects in human immune cells, and in vitro treatment with urolithithin A can rejuvenate human T cells, reduce depletion, and produce T memory stem cells (Tscm).
Lead author Dr Dominic Denk of the University Hospital Frankfurt said the findings are particularly exciting because the focus is not on tumor cells, but on the natural defense system
against cancer.
For advanced colorectal cancer, which still lacks an effective treatment, this study suggests that urolithin A in combination with existing immunotherapies may have clinical application value
.
It is expected to improve the treatment
of colorectal cancer and other cancers.
The research team said it will continue to study on the basis of this finding and further explore the application
of urolithiin A in colorectal cancer patients in future clinical trials.
Corresponding author Professor Florian Greten said that this study is a testament to the success of interdisciplinary research, and he is pleased that this research can be quickly applied to the clinic, and he is also excited
about the upcoming clinical trials.
Links to papers:
https ://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
immuni.
2022.
09.
014
Open reprint welcome to forward to Moments and WeChat groups
