Improving immunity is the basis of medical treatment and balanced nutrition.

Original title: Improving immunity is the basis of medical balanced nutrition
recently, more and more patients with neo-coronary pneumonia recovered from hospital. During their illness, they struggle with pathogenic factors (including viruses, bacteria, etc.), the body in all aspects of the loss is very large, immunity is relatively low.
in order to improve the body immunity of the sick, the National Health And Wellness Commission has formulated and issued the Dietary Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia with New Coronavirus Infections (the "Nutrition Guidelines"). The Nutrition Guide not only targets patients of the general type or rehabilitation period, severely ill patients, but also provides guidance on nutrients and food intake for front-line workers and the general population.
this edition invites Ma Guansheng, head of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene at Peking University School of Public Health, to elaborate on ways to enhance immunity around nutrition guidance.
- Editor
immunity and multi-factors related
nutritification play a vital role
the human body's nutritional status is directly related to immunity, immunity is the body's own defense system, simple understanding is the human body to identify and exclude the "alien" physiological function. If pathogenic microorganisms attack people, the human body can recognize and kill them.
factors affecting human immunity, including genetic factors, mental factors, age, sleep, exercise, dietary nutrition, among them, nutritional factors are very important. Good nutritional status can make the human immune system play a good function, can better resist bacteria, viruses, reduce the risk of disease and improve disease prognosmation. Malnutrition can lead to impaired immune system function and decreased resistance to pathogens, increasing the risk of infection and development, and making it difficult to recover from infection.
news can be found that the daily growth rate of severe cases of new coronary pneumonia is decreasing, more and more patients are being cured. Most of them have under been treated or intervened with nutrition. For example, on February 9th, Mr. Wang, who was discharged from the hospital after being cured of new crown pneumonia in Shandong Province, specifically mentioned that doctors had tailored a nutritious meal for him to improve his immunity. On 11 February, two patients were cured and discharged from Xining City, and during their treatment, they received special dietary care from the hospital to improve their immunity.
Diet intake should be diverse
with a balanced diet
it is necessary to consume sufficient energy, high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins and minerals to enhance resistance and ensure the normal life and rehabilitation needs of patients. Food diversity is a fundamental principle of balanced dietary patterns. The overall principle of nutritional intake is the same for each group of people, the core of which is - a reasonable combination of meals. In the recovery period patients, in the daily diet should pay attention to the following points:
reasonable combination of food, to ensure adequate energy: the daily diet should include cereals, fruits and vegetables, livestock, fish, eggs and milk, soy nuts and other foods. Daily energy should be sufficient, thick with, including rice, wheat, corn, buckwheat, sweet potatoes and so on. Total fat supply is 25%-30% of total dietary energy.
eat fresh fruits and vegetables every day: meals with vegetables, vegetables more than 500 grams per day, dark vegetables should account for half. Ensure 200-350 grams of fresh fruit per day.
ensure the intake of high-quality protein: lean meat, dairy products, fish, shrimp, eggs, soy products and other foods rich in high-quality protein, eat 150-200 grams per day. Guaranteed 1 egg per day, 300 grams of milk and dairy products, yogurt can provide intestinal probiotics, can be drunk every day.
Light taste-based: adults daily salt no more than 6 grams, cooking oil 25-30 grams per day, using a variety of cooking vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, olive oil, etc., to increase the intake of essential fatty acids, especially monounsaturated fatty acids vegetable oil. Control your intake of added sugars to no more than 50 grams per day, preferably below 25 grams.
to ensure adequate drinking water: 1500-2000 ml per day, a small number of times, effective drinking water; Pre-dinner soup, fish soup, chicken soup, etc. are also good choices.
In order to better implement the above dietary guidelines in the daily life of residents of different regions, according to the Nutrition Guidelines, combined with regional eating habits, take the North-South diet as an example to help people practice in their daily lives.
Southern Edition:
breakfast: fishmeal porridge: 30g rice, 20g fish fillets. Small cage bag: 2 (flour 25g, pork 15g, cabbage 50g). Boiled eggs: 1 (60g)
plus: Yogurt: A bag of 250ml
Lunch: Sweet potato rice: 50g rice, sweet potato 50g.
stir-fried mushrooms: celery 100g, mushrooms 50g, red pepper 1.
practice: mushroom slices, celery slices, red pepper slices; oil pan, fried ginger garlic, mushrooms under the pot stir-fry; mushrooms fried soft, other materials under the pan together fried to celery cut green, salt flavoring can be.
Steamed sea fish: sea fish 70 grams
practice: sea fish wash after garlic cloves, ginger in the belly of the fish, pot boiling water after the fish into the water steaming for 10 minutes, sprinkled with onion silk and ginger silk, watering the appropriate amount of raw pumping, and then pour hot oil can be.
: Citrus: 1 (100g), pecans: 10g.
dinner: grain rice: 50 grams of rice, 50 grams of beans.
small fried meat: 150g persimmon pepper, 50g lean pork.
practice: pork thin slices, persimmon pepper slices, oil into the pan, put ginger garlic and a little onion fried incense;
pig liver soup: spinach 150g, pig liver 25g.
practice: wash the pig liver thin slices, with dry starch pulp stains, the spinach wash and cut into segments, the water in the pot after the appropriate amount of boiling pig liver sliced under the pot, add a little soy sauce, essential salt, and so on in the pot soup open, then add spinach, and so on when the soup is boiled, plus the appropriate amount of MSG, hemp oil.
: Strawberries: 150g
Northern Edition:
Breakfast: Tofu Brain: Tender Bean Flower 100g, plus raw smoking, squeezed vegetables, coriander and onions.
: 200g
boiled eggs with stick heart: 1 (60g)
plus meal: yogurt 1 bag: 250ml.
lunch: Staples: 1 steamed head (50g), steamed potatoes 50g.
stir-fry carrot green beans: carrots 50 grams, green beans 100 grams.
practice: beans, carrots washed cut grains, hot pot oil, poured into the garlic stir-fry, poured into the beans and carrots, the fire quickly stir-fry to cook, add seasoning to fry evenly can be out of the pot.
fillet dish heart soup: fish 75g, dish heart 100g.
practice: fish slices, add ginger, raw oil, salt seasoning;
: Pistachios: 10g, Kiwi: 1.
dinner: Rolls: 1 (50g).
soup: 100g tomatoes, 1 egg, 50g flour.
practice: tomatoes cut, hot oil after the garlic burst, poured into the tomatoes fried soup juice, fried tomatoes not a block after adding a moderate amount of water; After boiling the water in the pan, turn the heat, pour in the stirred noodles, add seasoning; the tip of the egg open a small mouth, let the pot in a boiling state, slowly flow the egg liquid into the floc-like; 2 minutes after adding onions, two drops of incense oil can be out of the pot.
tip: 75g pig liver, 2 red peppers, 50g cucumbers, 50g carrots.
practice: pig liver, red pepper, cucumber, carrot wash slice, pig liver with wine, salted for 20 minutes; Spare juice; frying pot oil heating fried onion ginger, put in pig liver stir-fry until color-changing, the original pot wash into red peppers, cucumbers, carrots fried, and then poured into the pig liver fried; put in the seasoned juice to fry evenly.
Plus Meal: Orange: 1
rehabilitation period patients should also note: poor appetite, the elderly and chronically ill patients, can eat less and more meals, through nutritionally fortified foods, special medical use formula food or nutrient supplements, appropriate supplements of protein, B vitamins, vitamin A, C, D and a variety of minerals. People who don't like meat can eat eggs, milk, soy products as a source of high-quality protein, if necessary, can eat the right amount of protein powder.
ensure adequate sleep and moderate physical activity. Adequate sleep helps to heal, according to their own conditions to moderate physical activity, conditions allow for sun exposure. Keep a positive and optimistic attitude, smile often open.
Moderate blood donation does not hurt
nutritional supplements must keep up
most patients with neocooproid pneumonia after rehabilitation treatment, the body will produce specific antibodies, can kill and remove the virus. At present, in the absence of vaccines and special treatment drugs, plasma donated by the rehabilitation person containing high-efficiency new coronavirus-specific antibodies, after virus inactivation treatment, and against the new coronavirus neutral antibodies, multiple pathogenic microorganisms prepared after detection of new coronary plasma products to treat new coronavirus infection is the most effective method, can greatly reduce the death rate of critically ill patients.
healthy adults have about 7% to 8% of their body weight, and the amount of blood in the body remains relatively stable under the regulation of nerves and body fluids. If the amount of blood loss alone does not exceed 10% of the total amount of blood in the body, the body can be restored through nerve and body fluid regulation. Unpaid blood donation each time for 200 ml, about 5% of the total amount of blood in the body, so will not lead to damage to function and health, after blood donation pay attention to rest and through diet and conditioning can be restored soon.
blood is a connective tissue consisting of plasma and blood cells. Plasma is a pale yellow liquid consisting mainly of water and solute plasma proteins. Blood cells, also known as blood cells, consist mainly of red blood cells, white blood cells and plateplates.
blood donation, circulatory blood volume decreased, arterial blood pressure decreased, will cause the sensory nervous system, blood vessels, renin self-regulation. The emotional nervous system excites and promotes the replenishment of circulating blood volume. Therefore, after donating blood, we need to replenish nutrition in time, secondly, the blood vessels self-shrink, thereby resuming arterial blood pressure, and finally, the cardiopathic nerve and the intersculational contraction of blood vessel nerve activity is strengthened, stimulates renin secretion, contraction of the heart muscle makes the arterial blood pressure rise, and finally restores the plasma.
blood donation, the number of blood cells decreased, causing red blood cells, white blood cells and plate plates to self-regulate. First of all, the decline of red blood cells, to promote the strengthening of bone marrow hematosis mechanism, the body red blood cells continue to increase, generally about a week can achieve the self-recovery of red blood cells;
blood donation will not damage the body's function and health, but the loss of blood parts of the body, should still be timely nutrition supplementation, promote the body self-regulation, accelerate physical recovery.
, increase the intake of high-quality protein. Protein is the basic component of hemoglobin and an important substance that forms human tissue. After donating blood, we should increase the intake of protein in moderate, and consume about 110 grams of protein per day. Choose foods rich in high-quality protein, including milk, eggs, lean meat, fish, soy products, etc.
, pay attention to the intake of iron-rich foods. Iron is not only an important component of hemoglobin, but also an essential trace element to maintain the body's metabolism, and also an important raw material to enhance the body's hema production mechanism. After donating blood, the iron supplement should be strengthened. Choose foods rich in hemolybin iron, including pig liver, duck liver, foie gras, chicken liver, duck blood, chicken blood, etc.
, pay attention to adequate intake of vitamin C. Vitamin C can promote the absorption of iron in food, and appropriately increase the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, such as green peppers, tomatoes, oranges and so on.
fourth, pay attention to adequate intake of folic acid and vitamin B12. Although folic acid and vitamin B12 are not components of red blood cells, the maturation and development of red blood cells and the formation of plasma are inseparable from it. After donating blood, the body should increase the intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, animal liver and kidneys, milk and dairy products rich in folic acid and vitamin B12.
blood donation should be supplemented on demand, not overeating. In addition, attention should be paid to rest to promote the recovery of the body.
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