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It is only for medical professionals to read and be careful of the "four livers", including viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and drug-induced hepatitis.
On February 27, 2021, the famous Hong Kong film star Wu Mengda, who pioneered the era of "Wu Li Tau" drama with Stephen Chow, died of liver cancer.
Thousands of netizens are looking forward to the re-cooperation between "Uncle Da" and "Xing Ye" after all.
Up.
On February 3, 2021, Zhao Yingjun, a well-known musician who wrote theme songs for films such as "Give You A Little Red Flower" and "Chinatown Detective", died of liver cancer at the age of 43.
In just one month, two well-known public figures died of liver cancer.
While sad and sighing, they also reminded the majority of netizens that they should pay more attention to liver health.
What is the cause of liver cancer? The liver is an important detoxification organ of the human body, and liver disease affects the health of millions of people around the world.
Hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer is usually called the "liver cancer trilogy".
Long-term chronic inflammation can lead to fibrosis of liver tissue, and gradually develop to irreversible liver cirrhosis, and eventually liver cancer may occur.
Liver inflammation can be caused by many different factors, such as viral infection, fatty liver disease, drinking alcohol, and certain drugs.
Viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and drug-induced hepatitis are very common types of hepatitis, and there is a risk of liver cancer at the end of the disease.
To prevent liver cancer, you might as well start by preventing these four liver diseases! Viral hepatitis Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis virus infection.
The common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
Among them, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main disease burden in China.
In the mainland, hepatitis B accounts for 63% of the total deaths from cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and 53% of the total deaths from liver cancer.In the world, due to the large population base and the high prevalence rate, my country is the country with the largest number of hepatitis B infections.
It is estimated that there are still 77 million to 97 million chronic hepatitis B virus infections in China, of which 20 to 30 million suffer from active hepatitis and are at risk of liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer.
For patients with chronic viral hepatitis, antiviral treatment should be received as soon as possible to control the replication of hepatitis virus.
Figure 1.
Global distribution of hepatitis B infection.
For this reason, the country has actively formulated a viral hepatitis prevention and control plan, and achieved great results through the universal hepatitis B vaccine of newborns, mandatory screening of blood products, strengthening of water source protection, and strengthening of fecal management.
In general, with the improvement of disease prevention and treatment, the incidence of viral hepatitis is gradually decreasing, but with the improvement of living standards, the incidence of metabolic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis is increasing.
Upward trend.
Figure 2.
Changes in the incidence of viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease In the past 20 years, with the continuous improvement of living standards, the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in my country is also significant increase.
In March 2020, Chinese scholars published research articles in Hepatology, revealing the epidemiological characteristics of NAFLD in my country from 1999 to 2018.
The article pointed out that the increasing trend of China's NAFLD burden began in 2005 and accelerated in 2010.
By 2018, the prevalence of NAFLD reached 32.
9%; it is expected that by 2030, the total number of NAFLD patients in China will increase to 314.
58 million.
It is worth noting that the prevalence of NAFLD parallels the rising trend of obesity.
Figure 3.
NAFLD prevalence and morbidity changes NAFLD is also getting "younger".
Among people under 60, the prevalence of NAFLD has risen from 17.
8% in 2007-2010 to 28.
7% in 2015-2018 .
From 2010 to 2018, the incidence of NAFLD in people under 60 years old (4.
7%) was higher than that in people over 60 years old (2.
4%). Figure 4.
The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD in different age groups.
Alcohol-related liver disease In mainland China, alcohol drinkers account for 20% of the total deaths from cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and 35.
5% of the total deaths from liver cancer.
The World Health Organization estimates that the mortality rate of cirrhosis among Chinese adult males is 14.
6 per 100,000 per year, and that of females is 8.
3 per 100,000 per year.
Among them, 62.
6% of male and 41.
6% of female deaths are related to alcohol.
At present, there is no nationwide large-scale epidemiological survey on alcohol-related liver disease in my country.
However, some regional epidemiological surveys show that the proportion of people who drink alcohol in my country and the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease are both showing an upward trend.
The World Health Organization reports that my country's per capita alcohol intake has increased by 76% from 2005 to 2016.
Figure 5.
Per capita alcohol consumption in China (picture quoted from the Beijing News) Domestic research shows that the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease among heavy drinkers with a history of drinking for more than 5 years is 4.
5%; the prevalence of alcoholic fatty liver is more than 50 %, and the incidence of alcohol-related hepatitis is more than 10%, and the incidence of alcohol-related cirrhosis is also more than 10%.
Drug-induced liver injury Liver damage caused by drugs or their metabolites is not uncommon in my country.
In June 2019, Chinese scholars published a study entitled "The incidence and etiology of drug-induced liver injury in Mainland my country" in the journal Gastroenterology.
The paper analyzes the data of more than 8 million patients in 66 centers in mainland China and points out that the incidence of drug-induced liver injury in the general population in mainland China is 3.
80 per 100,000 per year, which is significantly higher than that in Western countries.
Most drug-induced liver injury is caused by a single class of drugs (82.
67%).
The main drugs are traditional Chinese medicine and herbal medicine (26.
81%), anti-tuberculosis drugs (21.
99%), antitumor drugs or immunomodulators (8.
34%) , Anti-infective drugs (6.
08%), psychotropic drugs (4.
90%), etc.
Figure 6.
The classification of drugs that cause DILI.
Viruses, obesity, alcohol, drugs.
.
.
accidentally slipped into the abyss of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. On this National Liver Love Day, the "medical community" reminds everyone: reduce alcohol consumption, light diet, use medicines correctly under the guidance of doctors, and take care of them to make the liver healthier.
References: [1]Sarin SK, Kumar M, Eslam M, et al.
Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission.
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2020;5(2):167-228.
doi :10.
1016/S2468-1253(19)30342-5.
[2]Razavi H.
Global Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am.
2020;49(2):179-189.
doi:10.
1016/j.
gtc.
2020.
01 .
001.
[3]Zhou J, Zhou F, Wang W, et al.
Epidemiological Features of NAFLD From 1999 to 2018 in China.
Hepatology.
2020;71(5):1851-1864.
doi:10.
1002/hep.
31150.
[4]Mitra S, De A, Chowdhury A.
Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2020;5:16.
doi:10.
21037/tgh.
2019.
09.
08.
[5]Tao Shen,Yingxia Liu,Yimin Mao,et al.
Gastroenterology.
2019;156:2230–2241.
doi:10.
1053/j.
gastro.
2019.
02.
002.
On February 27, 2021, the famous Hong Kong film star Wu Mengda, who pioneered the era of "Wu Li Tau" drama with Stephen Chow, died of liver cancer.
Thousands of netizens are looking forward to the re-cooperation between "Uncle Da" and "Xing Ye" after all.
Up.
On February 3, 2021, Zhao Yingjun, a well-known musician who wrote theme songs for films such as "Give You A Little Red Flower" and "Chinatown Detective", died of liver cancer at the age of 43.
In just one month, two well-known public figures died of liver cancer.
While sad and sighing, they also reminded the majority of netizens that they should pay more attention to liver health.
What is the cause of liver cancer? The liver is an important detoxification organ of the human body, and liver disease affects the health of millions of people around the world.
Hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer is usually called the "liver cancer trilogy".
Long-term chronic inflammation can lead to fibrosis of liver tissue, and gradually develop to irreversible liver cirrhosis, and eventually liver cancer may occur.
Liver inflammation can be caused by many different factors, such as viral infection, fatty liver disease, drinking alcohol, and certain drugs.
Viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and drug-induced hepatitis are very common types of hepatitis, and there is a risk of liver cancer at the end of the disease.
To prevent liver cancer, you might as well start by preventing these four liver diseases! Viral hepatitis Viral hepatitis is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis virus infection.
The common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
Among them, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the main disease burden in China.
In the mainland, hepatitis B accounts for 63% of the total deaths from cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and 53% of the total deaths from liver cancer.In the world, due to the large population base and the high prevalence rate, my country is the country with the largest number of hepatitis B infections.
It is estimated that there are still 77 million to 97 million chronic hepatitis B virus infections in China, of which 20 to 30 million suffer from active hepatitis and are at risk of liver cirrhosis and even liver cancer.
For patients with chronic viral hepatitis, antiviral treatment should be received as soon as possible to control the replication of hepatitis virus.
Figure 1.
Global distribution of hepatitis B infection.
For this reason, the country has actively formulated a viral hepatitis prevention and control plan, and achieved great results through the universal hepatitis B vaccine of newborns, mandatory screening of blood products, strengthening of water source protection, and strengthening of fecal management.
In general, with the improvement of disease prevention and treatment, the incidence of viral hepatitis is gradually decreasing, but with the improvement of living standards, the incidence of metabolic liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis is increasing.
Upward trend.
Figure 2.
Changes in the incidence of viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease In the past 20 years, with the continuous improvement of living standards, the burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in my country is also significant increase.
In March 2020, Chinese scholars published research articles in Hepatology, revealing the epidemiological characteristics of NAFLD in my country from 1999 to 2018.
The article pointed out that the increasing trend of China's NAFLD burden began in 2005 and accelerated in 2010.
By 2018, the prevalence of NAFLD reached 32.
9%; it is expected that by 2030, the total number of NAFLD patients in China will increase to 314.
58 million.
It is worth noting that the prevalence of NAFLD parallels the rising trend of obesity.
Figure 3.
NAFLD prevalence and morbidity changes NAFLD is also getting "younger".
Among people under 60, the prevalence of NAFLD has risen from 17.
8% in 2007-2010 to 28.
7% in 2015-2018 .
From 2010 to 2018, the incidence of NAFLD in people under 60 years old (4.
7%) was higher than that in people over 60 years old (2.
4%). Figure 4.
The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD in different age groups.
Alcohol-related liver disease In mainland China, alcohol drinkers account for 20% of the total deaths from cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases, and 35.
5% of the total deaths from liver cancer.
The World Health Organization estimates that the mortality rate of cirrhosis among Chinese adult males is 14.
6 per 100,000 per year, and that of females is 8.
3 per 100,000 per year.
Among them, 62.
6% of male and 41.
6% of female deaths are related to alcohol.
At present, there is no nationwide large-scale epidemiological survey on alcohol-related liver disease in my country.
However, some regional epidemiological surveys show that the proportion of people who drink alcohol in my country and the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease are both showing an upward trend.
The World Health Organization reports that my country's per capita alcohol intake has increased by 76% from 2005 to 2016.
Figure 5.
Per capita alcohol consumption in China (picture quoted from the Beijing News) Domestic research shows that the prevalence of alcoholic liver disease among heavy drinkers with a history of drinking for more than 5 years is 4.
5%; the prevalence of alcoholic fatty liver is more than 50 %, and the incidence of alcohol-related hepatitis is more than 10%, and the incidence of alcohol-related cirrhosis is also more than 10%.
Drug-induced liver injury Liver damage caused by drugs or their metabolites is not uncommon in my country.
In June 2019, Chinese scholars published a study entitled "The incidence and etiology of drug-induced liver injury in Mainland my country" in the journal Gastroenterology.
The paper analyzes the data of more than 8 million patients in 66 centers in mainland China and points out that the incidence of drug-induced liver injury in the general population in mainland China is 3.
80 per 100,000 per year, which is significantly higher than that in Western countries.
Most drug-induced liver injury is caused by a single class of drugs (82.
67%).
The main drugs are traditional Chinese medicine and herbal medicine (26.
81%), anti-tuberculosis drugs (21.
99%), antitumor drugs or immunomodulators (8.
34%) , Anti-infective drugs (6.
08%), psychotropic drugs (4.
90%), etc.
Figure 6.
The classification of drugs that cause DILI.
Viruses, obesity, alcohol, drugs.
.
.
accidentally slipped into the abyss of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. On this National Liver Love Day, the "medical community" reminds everyone: reduce alcohol consumption, light diet, use medicines correctly under the guidance of doctors, and take care of them to make the liver healthier.
References: [1]Sarin SK, Kumar M, Eslam M, et al.
Liver diseases in the Asia-Pacific region: a Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology Commission.
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2020;5(2):167-228.
doi :10.
1016/S2468-1253(19)30342-5.
[2]Razavi H.
Global Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am.
2020;49(2):179-189.
doi:10.
1016/j.
gtc.
2020.
01 .
001.
[3]Zhou J, Zhou F, Wang W, et al.
Epidemiological Features of NAFLD From 1999 to 2018 in China.
Hepatology.
2020;71(5):1851-1864.
doi:10.
1002/hep.
31150.
[4]Mitra S, De A, Chowdhury A.
Epidemiology of non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases.
Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2020;5:16.
doi:10.
21037/tgh.
2019.
09.
08.
[5]Tao Shen,Yingxia Liu,Yimin Mao,et al.
Gastroenterology.
2019;156:2230–2241.
doi:10.
1053/j.
gastro.
2019.
02.
002.
